deer

Tragulidae	Tragulinae	Hyemoschus                  Tragulidae		Hyemoschus	water chevrotain	tropical Africa
		Tragulus		Tragulus	mouse-deer or kancil	Southeast Asia
		Tragulus meminna	2005	Moschiola	spotted chevrotain	India, Sri Lanka
Cervidae	Moschinae	Moschus                        Moschidae	2003	Moschus	musk deer	mountains of South Asia
	Hydropotinae	Hydropotes                       Cervidae	Capreolinae	Hydropotes	water deer	Korea and China
	Odocoilinae	Capreolus capreolus		Capreolus capreolus	European roe deer	Europe to Iran
		Capreolus capreolus pygargus	2005	Capreolus pygargus	Siberian roe deer	Urals south to the Caucasus and east to Manchuria
		Hippocamelus		Hippocamelus	huemul, taruca	Andes
		Mazama		Mazama	brocket deer	Yucatán Peninsula, Central and South America, Trinidad
		Mazama bororo	2011	Mazama jucunda	small red brocket	southeastern Brazil
		Mazama americana temama	2005	Mazama temama	Mexican red brocket	Mexico to Honduras
		Mazama americana temama	2025	Mazama reperticia	Central American red brocket	Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama
		Mazama gouazoubira nemorivaga	2023	Passalites nemorivagus	Amazonian brown brocket	northern South America
		Mazama gouazoubira cita	2024	Bisbalus citus	gray brocket	Venezuela
		Mazama chunyi	2023	Subulo chunyi	dwarf brocket	Andean highlands in western Bolivia and southeastern Peru
		Mazama gouazoubira	2023	Subulo gouazoubira	southern brown brocket	Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina
		Odocoileus virgianus, hemionus		Odocoileus	mule deer, white-tailed deer	Americas
		Mazama gouazoubira pandora	2025	Odocoileus pandora	yucatan brown brocket	Yucatán Peninsula
		Mazama rufinus	2025	Andinocervus rufinus	little red brocket	Andes of Colombia, Ecuador and northern Peru
		Odocoileus dichotomus		Blastocerus dichotomus	marsh deer	tropical and subtropical South America
		subgenus Blastocerus bezoarticus	2002	Ozotoceros bezoarticus	pampas deer	grasslands of South America
		Pudu puda		Pudu puda	southern pudu	southern Andes of Chile and Argentina
		Pudu mephistophiles	2024	Pudella mephistophiles	northern pudu	Andes of Colombia, Venezuela, Peru and Ecuador
			2024	Pudella carlae	Peruvian Yungas pudu	Peru
	Alcinae	Alces		Alces	elk (english) or moose	boreal and temperate forests across the northern hemisphere
	Rangiferinae	Rangifer		Rangifer	reindeer or caribou	(sub)arctic/tundra/boreal forest regions of the northern hemisphere
	Cervinae	Axis	Cervinae	Axis	chital	Indian subcontinent
		subgenus Hyelaphus		subgenus Hyelaphus	calamian, bawean, hog deer	northern plains of Indian subcontinent to Myanmar, Southeast Asia
		Cervus elaphus, hanglu		Cervus elaphus, hanglu	(Central Asian) red deer	Europe to western Asia, northern Africa
		Cervus elaphus various spp.	2011	Cervus canadensis	elk (american) or wapiti	North America, Central, East Asia, introd. to South America, N Zealand
		subgenus Przewalskium	2011	Cervus albirostris	Thorold's deer	western China
		subgenus Sika	2011	Cervus nippon	sika	East Asia, introduced elsewhere
		subgenus Rucervus		Rucervus	barasingha, swamp deer	India, Nepal, Indochina, and the Chinese island of Hainan
		subgenus Rucervus eldi	2011	Panolia	Eld's deer or thamin	South and Southeast Asia
		subgenus Rusa		Rusa	sambar	Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia
		subgenus Rusa marianna alfredi	2011	Rusa alfredi	Visayan spotted deer	Philippines
		Dama dama		Dama dama	fallow deer	Turkey, introduced elsewhere
		Dama dama mesopotamica	2004	Dama mesopotamica	Pesrian fallow deer	Israel and Iran
		Elaphurus		Elaphurus	Père David's deer	subtropical river valleys and wetlands of China
	Muntiacinae	Elaphodus		Elaphodus	tufted deer	central China and northeastern Myanmar
		Muntiacus muntjak	2011	Muntiacus (13 species)	muntjac	South Asia and Southeast Asia, introduced to the UK

'Elk': Americans call Cervus canadensis 'elk' (German: Elch, Swedish: Älg) due to a historical naming error by early European settlers. Seeing the large deer for the first time in the 16th century, settlers misapplied the European word 'elk' (which actually is an Alces alces, not extant in Britain).

Cervus canadensis is significantly larger and heavier than the Eurasian red deer Cervus elaphus, and has a paler rump patch, and features longer, more branched, tree-like antlers, compared to the smaller, darker Eurasian red deer which often has a more cup-shaped, 'crowned' antler structure. They split from each other roughly 7 million years ago.

Many taxonomists in the late 19th and early-to-mid 20th century viewed North American elk (wapiti) as a subspecies of the Eurasian red deer (Cervus elaphus canadensis), though Cervus canadensis continued to be used by some authors throughout the 20th century, particularly in North American contexts. Molecular studies, starting in 1998, began providing robust evidence that the North American elk is a distinct species from the European red deer.

'Wapiti' (Cervus canadensis): a Shawnee word meaning 'white rump'. While not used as commonly as 'elk' in American English, 'wapiti' is recognized, especially in scientific contexts, Canada, and in some Native American usage. It is used in the US from roughly the early 19th century to the present, although it has always been far less common than 'elk'. In Europe, 'elk' still refers to the Alces alces (American moose), making "wapiti" a clearer term to avoid confusion internationally.

'Moose' (Alces alces): an Algonquian word meaning 'he who strips off the bark' or 'eater of twigs', which aptly described the animal's feeding habits. This name was adopted when settlers encountered the (even larger) North American Alces alces species in the early 17th century.

Sources: 1975 Grzimeks Tierleben, Mammal Diversity Database, Google AI

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