Western
Palearctic |
global |
WP |
as |
WP
endemics |
as
share |
Western |
Eastern |
Palearctic |
as |
comments |
|||||||||||
|
Europe, North Africa, Middle East (excl. South Arabia) |
number
of |
number
of |
share
of |
number
of |
of
global |
share
of |
share
of |
number
of |
share
of |
referring to species in |
||||||||||
excluding birds exotic for this area |
species |
species |
global |
species |
species |
Palearctic |
Palearctic |
species |
global |
Western Palearctic |
|||||||||||
STRUTHIONIDAE |
OSTRICHES |
1 |
2 |
Common Ostrich hunted to
extinction in Syria and Arabia by the middle of the 20th century |
|||||||||||||||||
ANATIDAE |
DUCKS, GEESE, SWANS |
8 |
157 |
40 |
25% |
2 |
1% |
74% |
87% |
54 |
34% |
highest number of
non-passerines in Western Palearctic; includes Goldeneye |
|||||||||
PHASIANIDAE |
PARTRIDGES, PHEASANTS, GROUSE |
13 |
177 |
17 |
10% |
5 |
3% |
33% |
86% |
51 |
29% |
highest number of endemics (non-passerines)
in Western Palearctic; includes Black Francolin, Common Quail, Snowcocks;
Grouse sometimes (BTO) in its own family: Tetraonidae |
|||||||||
PHOENICOPTERIDAE |
FLAMINGOS |
14 |
6 |
1 |
17% |
|
<all> |
<all> |
1 |
17% |
Greater Flamingo: S Europe,
C Asia, NW India, N, E and S Africa; order in Germany previously called
Verkehrtschnäbel (wrongbills) |
||||||||||
PODICIPEDIDAE |
GREBES |
15 |
19 |
5 |
26% |
|
<all> |
80% |
5 |
26% |
|||||||||||
COLUMBIDAE |
PIGEONS |
16 |
304 |
8 |
3% |
2 |
1% |
42% |
89% |
19 |
6% |
Streptopelia turtur only
European dove migrating sub-Sahara |
|||||||||
PTEROCLIDAE |
SANDGROUSE |
17 |
16 |
5 |
31% |
|
63% |
<all> |
8 |
50% |
almost 1/3 of Sandgrouse in Western
Palearctic; there has been some controversy about how to spell the family
name: Pteroclididae and even Pterocleidae have been used |
||||||||||
PHAETHONTIDAE |
TROPICBIRDS |
21 |
3 |
1 |
33% |
<all> |
none |
1 |
1/3 |
Red-billed Tropicbird has
colonised the Canary Islands in the 21st Century |
|||||||||||
CAPRIMULGIDAE |
NIGHTJARS |
25 |
90 |
4 |
4% |
|
1/2 |
63% |
8 |
9% |
|||||||||||
APODIDAE |
SWIFTS |
27 |
99 |
6 |
6% |
|
55% |
73% |
11 |
11% |
|||||||||||
CUCULIDAE |
CUCKOOS |
30 |
139 |
3 |
2% |
|
27% |
91% |
11 |
8% |
Great Spotted Cuckoo: S
Europe; Oriental Cuckoo: East of Moscow |
||||||||||
RALLIDAE |
RAILS AND COOTS |
31 |
127 |
9 |
7% |
|
60% |
80% |
15 |
12% |
Incl. Crakes; the largest number
of species and the most primitive forms are found in the Old World; a few
genera appear to have specialized and radiated in the New World, some of
which have reinvaded the Old World |
||||||||||
GRUIDAE |
CRANES |
36 |
15 |
2 |
13% |
|
29% |
<all> |
7 |
47% |
|||||||||||
OTIDIDAE |
BUSTARDS |
37 |
26 |
3 |
12% |
1 |
4% |
3/4 |
1/2 |
4 |
15% |
Peters: Otidae |
|||||||||
GAVIIDAE |
DIVERS OR LOONS |
39 |
5 |
4 |
80% |
|
<all> |
3/4 |
4 |
80% |
|||||||||||
OCEANITIDAE |
AUSTRAL STORM-PETRELS |
41 |
8 |
1 |
13% |
|
<all> |
none |
1 |
13% |
new family: extracted from
Hydrobatidae (disputed, sometimes seen as an alternative name for the
Hydrobatidae); White-faced Storm-petrel: west of Portugal |
||||||||||
DIOMEDEIDAE |
ALBATROSSES |
42 |
none |
<all> |
3 |
Short-tailed Albatross
eliminated some 40,000 years ago in North Atlantic due to 20m higher sea
level |
|||||||||||||||
HYDROBATIDAE |
NORTHERN STORM-PETRELS |
43 |
14 |
3 |
21% |
2 |
14% |
3/5 |
3/5 |
5 |
36% |
||||||||||
PROCELLARIIDAE |
PETRELS AND SHEARWATERS |
44 |
84 |
9 |
11% |
3 |
4% |
90% |
20% |
10 |
12% |
includes Northern
Fulmar |
|||||||||
CICONIIDAE |
STORKS |
45 |
19 |
2 |
11% |
|
2/3 |
2/3 |
3 |
16% |
Black Stork: continental
Europe; alls storks are mute |
||||||||||
PELECANIDAE |
PELICANS |
46 |
8 |
2 |
25% |
|
<all> |
<all> |
2 |
25% |
Great White Pelican: SE
Europe |
||||||||||
ARDEIDAE |
HERONS |
49 |
62 |
9 |
15% |
|
69% |
85% |
13 |
21% |
includes Bitterns, Egrets |
||||||||||
THRESKIORNITHIDAE |
IBISES AND SPOONBILLS |
50 |
34 |
3 |
9% |
|
3/5 |
4/5 |
5 |
15% |
for taxonomic 'ibis', see
Ardeidae (Bubulcus ibis: Cattle Egret, up to the 1980s called Ardeola ibis) |
||||||||||
SULIDAE |
GANNETS AND BOOBIES |
52 |
10 |
1 |
10% |
|
<all> |
none |
1 |
10% |
|||||||||||
PHALACROCORACIDAE |
CORMORANTS |
53 |
30 |
3 |
10% |
2 |
7% |
1/2 |
2/3 |
6 |
20% |
includes Shag; family
sometimes erroneously called Phalacrocoridae |
|||||||||
ANHINGIDAE |
DARTERS |
54 |
4 |
1 |
25% |
<all> |
none |
1 |
1/4 |
Levant Darter (Anhinga rufa
chantrei) remains in Iraq/Iran |
|||||||||||
BURHINIDAE |
THICK-KNEES |
55 |
9 |
1 |
11% |
|
<all> |
<all> |
1 |
11% |
includes Stone-curlew |
||||||||||
HAEMATOPODIDAE |
OYSTERCATCHERS AND IBISBILL |
58 |
12 |
1 |
8% |
|
1/2 |
<all> |
2 |
17% |
|||||||||||
RECURVIROSTRIDAE |
STILTS AND AVOCETS |
59 |
7 |
2 |
29% |
|
<all> |
<all> |
2 |
29% |
|||||||||||
CHARADRIIDAE |
PLOVERS AND LAPWINGS |
60 |
67 |
11 |
16% |
|
61% |
83% |
18 |
27% |
includes Dotterel |
||||||||||
ROSTRATULIDAE |
PAINTED-SNIPE |
63 |
none |
<all> |
1 |
||||||||||||||||
SCOLOPACIDAE |
SANDPIPERS |
65 |
90 |
29 |
32% |
|
62% |
96% |
47 |
52% |
almost 1/3 of Sandpipers in Western
Palearctic; includes Sanderling, Dunlin, Turnstone, Knot, Ruff, Snipe,
Godwit, Curlew, Phalarope, Woodcock, Redshank, Greenshank, Stint |
||||||||||
TURNICIDAE |
BUTTONQUAILS |
66 |
16 |
1 |
6% |
|
<all> |
none |
1 |
6% |
Common Buttonquail: Morocco |
||||||||||
GLAREOLIDAE |
COURSERS AND PRATINCOLES |
68 |
17 |
3 |
18% |
|
3/4 |
1/2 |
4 |
24% |
|||||||||||
ALCIDAE |
AUKS |
69 |
24 |
6 |
25% |
|
30% |
75% |
20 |
83% |
includes Razorbill,
Guillemot, Murrelet, Puffin; the Great Auk (Pinguinus impennis) is a species
of flightless alcid that became extinct in the mid-19th century |
||||||||||
STERCORARIIDAE |
SKUAS OR JAEGERS |
70 |
7 |
4 |
57% |
|
<all> |
3/4 |
4 |
57% |
|||||||||||
LARIDAE |
GULLS AND TERNS |
71 |
99 |
29 |
29% |
2 |
2% |
66% |
80% |
44 |
44% |
includes Kittiwake; following
genetic research in the early twenty-first century, the terns are e.g. at BTO
(sometimes already in the 1970s) given full family status in a separate
family: Sternidae |
|||||||||
PANDIONIDAE |
OSPREY |
74 |
1 |
1 |
<all> |
|
<all> |
<all> |
1 |
100% |
worldwide distrbution |
||||||||||
ACCIPITRIDAE |
KITES, HAWKS AND EAGLES |
75 |
240 |
30 |
13% |
3 |
1% |
71% |
83% |
42 |
18% |
||||||||||
TYTONIDAE |
BARN OWLS |
76 |
19 |
1 |
5% |
|
<all> |
<all> |
1 |
5% |
Barn Owl worldwide
distrbution |
||||||||||
STRIGIDAE |
OWLS |
77 |
195 |
15 |
8% |
|
63% |
96% |
24 |
12% |
|||||||||||
UPUPIDAE |
HOOPOES |
82 |
1 |
1 |
<all> |
|
<all> |
<all> |
1 |
100% |
old world |
||||||||||
PICIDAE |
WOODPECKERS |
87 |
216 |
11 |
5% |
2 |
1% |
42% |
92% |
26 |
12% |
||||||||||
MEROPIDAE |
BEE-EATERS |
89 |
27 |
2 |
7% |
|
2/3 |
2/3 |
3 |
11% |
Green Bee-eater: Nile |
||||||||||
CORACIIDAE |
ROLLERS |
90 |
12 |
1 |
8% |
|
1/3 |
<all> |
3 |
25% |
|||||||||||
ALCEDINIDAE |
KINGFISHERS |
94 |
90 |
2 |
2% |
|
1/2 |
3/4 |
4 |
4% |
Pied Kingfisher: Turkey;
Ruddy Kingfisher: NE Mediterranean |
||||||||||
FALCONIDAE |
FALCONS AND CARACARAS |
96 |
63 |
10 |
16% |
|
91% |
82% |
11 |
17% |
|||||||||||
PITTIDAE |
PITTAS |
102 |
none |
<all> |
|||||||||||||||||
CAMPEPHAGIDAE |
MINIVETS AND
CUCKOOSHRIKES |
143 |
none |
<all> |
9 |
||||||||||||||||
ORIOLIDAE |
ORIOLES, FIGBIRDS AND ALLIES |
152 |
33 |
1 |
3% |
|
<all> |
<all> |
1 |
3% |
Eurasian Golden Oriole |
||||||||||
MALACONOTIDAE |
BUSH-SHRIKES, PUFFBACKS AND
TCHAGRAS |
160 |
46 |
1 |
2% |
|
<all> |
none |
1 |
2% |
Black-crowned or Black-heaed
Tchagra (Morocco to Tunisia), formerly in Laniidae |
||||||||||
DICRURIDAE |
DRONGOS |
161 |
none |
<all> |
3 |
||||||||||||||||
LANIIDAE |
SHRIKES |
163 |
34 |
7 |
21% |
1 |
3% |
41% |
82% |
17 |
50% |
||||||||||
CORVIDAE |
CROWS AND JAYS |
164 |
125 |
15 |
12% |
2 |
2% |
58% |
85% |
26 |
21% |
||||||||||
MONARCHIDAE |
MONARCHS |
165 |
none |
<all> |
3 |
||||||||||||||||
NECTARINIIDAE |
SUNBIRDS |
174 |
136 |
1 |
1% |
|
1/4 |
3/4 |
4 |
3% |
Palestine Sunbird (down to
Yemen) |
||||||||||
UROCYNCHRAMIDAE |
PRZEVALSKI'S ROSEFINCH |
176 |
none |
<all> |
1 |
removed from Fringillidae |
|||||||||||||||
PRUNELLIDAE |
ACCENTORS |
177 |
12 |
4 |
33% |
1 |
8% |
1/3 |
92% |
12 |
100% |
Dunnock (Hedge Sparrow) only
Accentor in Western Palearctic |
|||||||||
PASSERIDAE |
SPARROWS, SNOWFINCHES AND
ALLIES |
182 |
38 |
13 |
34% |
3 |
8% |
59% |
73% |
22 |
58% |
over 1/3 of Passeridae
(split off from Ploceidae) in Western Palearctic |
|||||||||
MOTACILLIDAE |
WAGTAILS AND PIPITS |
183 |
67 |
12 |
18% |
2 |
3% |
52% |
91% |
23 |
34% |
||||||||||
FRINGILLIDAE |
FINCHES, EUPHONIAS AND
HAWAIIAN HONEYCREEPERS |
184 |
198 |
30 |
15% |
8 |
4% |
41% |
86% |
73 |
37% |
highest number of endemics
(passerines) in Western Palearctic; includes Chaffinch, Brambling, Siskin,
Grosbeak, Crossbill, Canary, Redpoll, Linnet, Serin, Twite |
|||||||||
CALCARIIDAE |
LONGSPURS |
185 |
6 |
2 |
33% |
|
<all> |
<all> |
2 |
1/3 |
split off from Emberizidae;
includes Snow Bunting |
||||||||||
EMBERIZIDAE |
OLD WORLD BUNTINGS |
187 |
41 |
14 |
34% |
1 |
2% |
44% |
84% |
32 |
78% |
believed to have evolved in the
New World; related to Thraupidae and Cardinalidae (both now split off from
Emberizidae) |
|||||||||
PARIDAE |
TITS, CHICKADEES |
199 |
59 |
11 |
19% |
4 |
7% |
41% |
81% |
27 |
46% |
The common ancestor of the
Paridae and the Remizidae inhabited tropical Africa and China |
|||||||||
REMIZIDAE |
PENDULINE TITS |
200 |
10 |
2 |
20% |
|
2/3 |
<all> |
3 |
30% |
|||||||||||
ALAUDIDAE |
LARKS |
202 |
93 |
17 |
18% |
2 |
2% |
74% |
70% |
23 |
25% |
||||||||||
PANURIDAE |
BEARDED REEDLING |
203 |
1 |
1 |
<all> |
|
<all> |
<all> |
1 |
100% |
'Bearded Tit' or Bearded
Reedling: Europe to Russian Far East; at IOC in Paradoxornithidae
(Parrotbills) |
||||||||||
CISTICOLIDAE |
CISTICOLAS |
205 |
139 |
2 |
1% |
|
2/3 |
2/3 |
3 |
2% |
new family: Cisticola,
Prinia from Sylviidae; Zitting Cisticola in Southern, France, Italy, etc |
||||||||||
LOCUSTELLIDAE |
GRASSBIRDS AND ALLIES |
206 |
57 |
3 |
5% |
|
21% |
<all> |
14 |
25% |
new family: earlier in
Sylviidae |
||||||||||
ACROCEPHALIDAE |
BRUSH, REED AND SWAMP
WARBLERS |
209 |
53 |
15 |
28% |
|
65% |
87% |
23 |
43% |
removed from
Sylviidae |
||||||||||
HIRUNDINIDAE |
SWALLOWS |
211 |
84 |
7 |
8% |
|
58% |
83% |
12 |
14% |
bluebird is an old country
name for swallows and house martins, which make an annual migration to continental
Europe; Plain Martin in Morocco; Pale Crag Martin in N Africa, Middle East |
||||||||||
PYCNONOTIDAE |
BULBULS |
212 |
130 |
2 |
2% |
20% |
80% |
10 |
8% |
White-spectacled Bulbul: Turkey
to Yemen; White-eared Bulbul: Iraq to Pakistan |
|||||||||||
PHYLLOSCOPIDAE |
OLD WORLD LEAF WARBLERS |
213 |
77 |
13 |
17% |
3 |
4% |
32% |
88% |
41 |
53% |
new family: formerly in
Sylviidae; includes Wood Warbler, wintering in tropical Africa, Willow
Warbler, wintering down to South
Africa and Chiffchaff, wintering well
above the equator up to Southern England |
|||||||||
SCOTOCERCIDAE |
BUSH WARBLERS AND ALLIES |
214 |
37 |
2 |
5% |
|
22% |
100% |
9 |
24% |
new family: extracted from
Sylviidae; Cetti's Warbler: W and S Europe, NW Africa to NW China; Streaked
Scrub Warbler: Mauritania to Pakistan |
||||||||||
AEGITHALIDAE |
LONG-TAILED TITS |
215 |
10 |
1 |
10% |
|
17% |
<all> |
6 |
60% |
|||||||||||
SYLVIIDAE |
SYLVIA WARBLERS, PARROTBILLS
AND ALLIES |
216 |
62 |
21 |
34% |
3 |
5% |
50% |
64% |
42 |
68% |
immigrations from Southeast
Asia; closely related to Timaliidae, so better speak of Sylvia Babblers;
various species moved to Cisticolidae, Locustellidae, Acrocephalidae,
Phylloscopidae, Scotocercidae, Regulidae |
|||||||||
ZOSTEROPIDAE |
WHITE-EYES |
217 |
none |
<all> |
2 |
White-eyes look like
thrushes, wrens, tits or pittas |
|||||||||||||||
LEIOTHRICHIDAE |
BABBLERS, LAUGHING-THRUSHES
AND ALLIES |
220 |
125 |
3 |
2% |
1 |
1% |
9% |
91% |
32 |
26% |
Fulvous Babbler: N Africa;
Arabian Babbler: Middle East; Iraq Babbler: Iraq, Iran |
|||||||||
REGULIDAE |
GOLDCRESTS OR KINGLETS |
221 |
6 |
3 |
50% |
2 |
33% |
<all> |
1/3 |
3 |
1/2 |
new family (frequently used
since 1950s): earlier in Sylviidae |
|||||||||
BOMBYCILLIDAE |
WAXWINGS |
223 |
3 |
1 |
33% |
|
1/2 |
<all> |
2 |
2/3 |
|||||||||||
HYPOCOLIIDAE |
HYPOCOLIUS AND ALLIES |
224 |
2 |
1 |
50% |
|
<all> |
none |
1 |
50% |
|||||||||||
CERTHIIDAE |
TREECREEPERS |
227 |
9 |
2 |
22% |
1 |
11% |
2/5 |
4/5 |
5 |
56% |
||||||||||
SITTIDAE |
NUTHATCHES, SALPORNISES AND
WALLCREEPER |
228 |
28 |
7 |
25% |
4 |
14% |
50% |
71% |
14 |
50% |
||||||||||
TROGLODYTIDAE |
WRENS |
229 |
82 |
1 |
1% |
|
<all> |
<all> |
1 |
1% |
|||||||||||
STURNIDAE |
STARLINGS |
233 |
111 |
4 |
4% |
1 |
1% |
36% |
82% |
11 |
10% |
Rosy "' SE Europe to
India; Tristram's "": Syria to South Arabia; Spotless "": Iberia, NW Africa |
|||||||||
CINCLIDAE |
DIPPERS |
234 |
5 |
1 |
20% |
|
1/2 |
<all> |
2 |
40% |
|||||||||||
MUSCICAPIDAE |
CHATS AND FLYCATCHERS |
235 |
303 |
38 |
13% |
5 |
2% |
37% |
83% |
103 |
34% |
highest number of passerines
in Western Palearctic; many species formerly in Turdidae, incl. Robin, Nightingale, Bluethroat,
Wheatear, Rock Thrush, Stonechat, Blackstart |
|||||||||
TURDIDAE |
THRUSHES |
236 |
156 |
7 |
4% |
1 |
1% |
22% |
<all> |
32 |
1/5 |
includes Blackbird,
Fieldfare, Redwing, Ring Ouzel (only Palearctic thrush not in Eastern region,
where most probable ancestral regions for all Turdus species were located) |
|||||||||
33% of families |
Aves in Western Palearctic |
79
families |
5047 |
568 |
11% |
69 |
12% |
49% |
84% |
1160 |
23% |
||||||||||
44% of families |
non-passerines |
44
families |
2668 |
303 |
11% |
24 |
8% |
60% |
83% |
509 |
19% |
||||||||||
26% of families |
passerines |
35
families |
2379 |
265 |
11% |
45 |
17% |
41% |
84% |
651 |
27% |
||||||||||
global |
Aves |
10027 |
568 |
6% |
22 |
29 |
families: |
<all> |
all Palearctic species in
above mentioned region |
||||||||||||
global |
non-passerines |
4021 |
303 |
8% |
8 |
7 |
families: |
none |
no Palearctic species in
above mentioned region |
||||||||||||
global |
passerines |
6006 |
265 |
4% |
|||||||||||||||||
Western
Palearctic |
global |
WP |
as |
WP
endemics |
as
share |
Western |
Eastern |
Palearctic |
as |
comments |
|||||||||||
|
Europe, North Africa, Middle East (excl. South Arabia) |
number
of |
number
of |
share
of |
number
of |
of
global |
share
of |
share
of |
number
of |
share
of |
referring to species in |
||||||||||
species |
species |
global |
species |
species |
Palearctic |
Palearctic |
species |
global |
Western Palearctic |
||||||||||||
Source: The Howard and Moore
complete checklist of the birds of the world, 2013~2014 |
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