|
Nearctic |
global |
NA |
as |
NA
endemics |
as |
comments |
|||||||||||||
|
|
North America down to central Mexico |
number
of |
number
of |
share
of |
number
of |
share
of |
|||||||||||||
|
|
excluding birds exotic for this area |
species |
species |
global |
species |
global
species |
|||||||||||||
|
ANATIDAE |
DUCKS, GEESE, SWANS |
8 |
157 |
42 |
27% |
11 |
7% |
highest number of
non-passerines in Nearctic; includes Goldeneye |
|||||||||||
|
ODONTOPHORIDAE |
NEW WORLD QUAILS |
12 |
33 |
5 |
15% |
2 |
6% |
new American family:
separated from Phasianidae |
|||||||||||
|
PHASIANIDAE |
PARTRIDGES,
PHEASANTS, GROUSE |
13 |
177 |
14 |
8% |
10 |
6% |
includes Turkey;
Grouse sometimes (BTO) in its own family: Tetraonidae |
|||||||||||
|
PHOENICOPTERIDAE |
FLAMINGOS |
14 |
54 |
1 |
2% |
Florida population
only in 2018 recognized to be native instead of escaped from captivity |
|||||||||||||
|
PODICIPEDIDAE |
GREBES |
15 |
19 |
5 |
26% |
1 |
5% |
||||||||||||
|
COLUMBIDAE |
PIGEONS |
16 |
304 |
12 |
4% |
||||||||||||||
|
PHAETHONTIDAE |
TROPICBIRDS |
21 |
3 |
1 |
1/3 |
||||||||||||||
|
CAPRIMULGIDAE |
NIGHTJARS |
25 |
90 |
7 |
8% |
includes
Nighthawks, Poorwills |
|||||||||||||
|
APODIDAE |
SWIFTS |
27 |
99 |
5 |
5% |
||||||||||||||
|
TROCHILIDAE |
HUMMINGBIRDS |
28 |
335 |
16 |
5% |
30 milion year old
hummingbird fossils have been discovered in Germany; the next-oldest, modern
hummingbird fossils are from South America and are only about one million
years old |
|||||||||||||
|
CUCULIDAE |
CUCKOOS |
30 |
139 |
8 |
6% |
includes Roadrunner |
|||||||||||||
|
RALLIDAE |
RAILS AND COOTS |
31 |
127 |
9 |
7% |
2 |
2% |
A few genera
appear to have specialized and radiated in the New World, some of which (e.g.
Rallus and Fulica) have reinvaded the Old World |
|||||||||||
|
ARAMIDAE |
LIMPKIN |
35 |
1 |
1 |
<all> |
||||||||||||||
|
GRUIDAE |
CRANES |
36 |
15 |
2 |
13% |
1 |
7% |
||||||||||||
|
GAVIIDAE |
DIVERS OR LOONS |
39 |
5 |
4 |
4/5 |
1 |
1/5 |
||||||||||||
|
DIOMEDEIDAE |
ALBATROSSES |
42 |
13 |
2 |
15% |
||||||||||||||
|
HYDROBATIDAE |
NORTHERN
STORM-PETRELS |
43 |
14 |
7 |
50% |
1 |
7% |
Townsend's and Ainley's
Storm-petrels upgraded to species in 2016 (AOS) |
|||||||||||
|
PROCELLARIIDAE |
PETRELS AND
SHEARWATERS |
44 |
84 |
9 |
11% |
1 |
1% |
includes Northern
Fulmar |
|||||||||||
|
CICONIIDAE |
STORKS |
45 |
19 |
1 |
5% |
Wood Stork, resident
in South America, up to 1990s called the "Wood Ibis" (initially, in
the 19th century thought to be an Ibis) |
|||||||||||||
|
PELECANIDAE |
PELICANS |
46 |
8 |
2 |
25% |
1 |
13% |
||||||||||||
|
ARDEIDAE |
HERONS |
49 |
62 |
13 |
21% |
includes Bitterns, Egrets |
|||||||||||||
|
THRESKIORNITHIDAE |
IBISES AND SPOONBILLS |
50 |
34 |
3 |
9% |
for taxonomic 'ibis', see
Ardeidae (Bubulcus ibis: Cattle Egret) |
|||||||||||||
|
FREGATIDAE |
FRIGATEBIRDS |
51 |
5 |
1 |
1/5 |
Magnificent Frigatebird
occurs both at Southerm West and East Coasts of the United States |
|||||||||||||
|
SULIDAE |
GANNETS AND BOOBIES |
52 |
10 |
1 |
10% |
||||||||||||||
|
PHALACROCORACIDAE |
CORMORANTS |
53 |
30 |
5 |
17% |
2 |
7% |
||||||||||||
|
ANHINGIDAE |
DARTERS |
54 |
4 |
1 |
1/4 |
Other 3 species
in Africa, Oriental or Australian region |
|||||||||||||
|
HAEMATOPODIDAE |
OYSTERCATCHERS AND
IBISBILL |
58 |
12 |
2 |
17% |
1 |
8% |
||||||||||||
|
RECURVIROSTRIDAE |
STILTS AND AVOCETS |
59 |
7 |
1 |
14% |
||||||||||||||
|
CHARADRIIDAE |
PLOVERS AND
LAPWINGS |
60 |
67 |
10 |
15% |
includes Killdeer; no extant
Lapwings in NA |
|||||||||||||
|
SCOLOPACIDAE |
SANDPIPERS |
65 |
90 |
37 |
41% |
3 |
3% |
includes Sanderling,
Turnstone, Knot, Surfbird, Snipe, Dowitcher, Godwit, Curlew, Whimbrel,
Phalarope, Woodcock, Tattler, Yellowlegs, Willet |
|||||||||||
|
ALCIDAE' |
AUKS |
69 |
24 |
20 |
83% |
3 |
13% |
includes Razorbill,
Murrelet, Puffin |
|||||||||||
|
STERCORARIIDAE |
SKUAS OR JAEGERS |
70 |
7 |
4 |
57% |
||||||||||||||
|
LARIDAE |
GULLS AND TERNS |
71 |
99 |
38 |
38% |
5 |
5% |
incl. Black
Skimmer, formerly in Rynchopidae; incl. Noddy, Kittiwake |
|||||||||||
|
CATHARTIDAE |
NEW WORLD VULTURES |
72 |
7 |
3 |
43% |
1 |
14% |
includes California
Condor |
|||||||||||
|
PANDIONIDAE |
OSPREY |
74 |
1 |
1 |
<all> |
worldwide distrbution |
|||||||||||||
|
ACCIPITRIDAE |
KITES, HAWKS AND
EAGLES |
75 |
240 |
23 |
10% |
3 |
1% |
||||||||||||
|
TYTONIDAE |
BARN OWLS |
76 |
19 |
1 |
5% |
Barn Owl worldwide
distrbution |
|||||||||||||
|
STRIGIDAE |
OWLS |
77 |
195 |
18 |
9% |
||||||||||||||
|
TROGONIDAE |
TROGONS |
80 |
44 |
1 |
2% |
Elegant Trogon
partly in Nearctic |
|||||||||||||
|
PICIDAE |
WOODPECKERS |
87 |
216 |
24 |
11% |
11 |
5% |
||||||||||||
|
ALCEDINIDAE |
KINGFISHERS |
94 |
90 |
3 |
3% |
two original
colonising events from Melasia |
|||||||||||||
|
FALCONIDAE |
FALCONS AND
CARACARAS |
96 |
63 |
7 |
11% |
1 |
2% |
||||||||||||
|
TYRANNIDAE |
TYRANT-FLYCATCHERS |
116 |
305 |
32 |
10% |
Flycatchers,
Pewees, Kingbirds, Phoebes, Kiskadees endemic to Americas |
|||||||||||||
|
VIREONIDAE |
SHRIKE-BABBLERS,
ERPORNIS AND VIREOS |
151 |
62 |
13 |
21% |
NA: Vireos only,
endemic to Americas |
|||||||||||||
|
LANIIDAE |
SHRIKES |
163 |
34 |
3 |
9% |
||||||||||||||
|
CORVIDAE |
CROWS AND JAYS |
164 |
125 |
19 |
15% |
10 |
8% |
highest number of endemics
(passerines) in Nearctic |
|||||||||||
|
PEUCEDRAMIDAE |
PEUCEDRAMUS (OLIVE
WARBLER) |
178 |
1 |
1 |
<all> |
formerly in Parulidae,
now found to be closely related to Old Word Accentors (near-endemic to
Palearctic) in the Prunellidae family (with Dunnock or Hedge Sparrow) |
|||||||||||||
|
PASSERIDAE |
SPARROWS,
SNOWFINCHES AND ALLIES (introduced) |
182 |
38 |
1 |
3% |
House Sparrow
introduced to NA |
|||||||||||||
|
MOTACILLIDAE |
WAGTAILS AND PIPITS |
183 |
67 |
2 |
3% |
American Pipit
elsewhere called Japanese Pipit or Siberian Pipit |
|||||||||||||
|
FRINGILLIDAE |
FINCHES, EUPHONIAS
AND HAWAIIAN HONEYCREEPERS |
184 |
198 |
15 |
8% |
includes
Grosbeak, Crossbill, Redpoll, Siskin, Goldfinch, Rosy Finch |
|||||||||||||
|
CALCARIIDAE |
LONGSPURS |
185 |
6 |
6 |
<all> |
2 |
1/3 |
split off from
Emberizidae, diverged from a common ancestor around 4.2–6.2 million years
ago; includes Snow Bunting |
|||||||||||
|
PASSERELLIDAE |
NEW WORLD SPARROWS
AND ALLIES |
188 |
127 |
41 |
32% |
9 |
7% |
split off from
Emberizidae; Sparrow is misnomer and is based on a superficial resemblance to
the family Passeridae (Old World sparrows); incl. Towhees, Juncos and Lark
Bunting |
|||||||||||
|
PARULIDAE |
NEW WORLD WOOD
WARBLERS |
191 |
106 |
48 |
45% |
highest number of passerines in
Nearctic; incl. American Redstart, Ovenbird, Waterthrush; none of the species
called 'Wood Warbler'; Olive Warbler moved to its own family Peucedramidae,
Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria) to Icteridae |
|||||||||||||
|
ICTERIDAE |
NEW WORLD
BLACKBIRDS |
192 |
104 |
20 |
19% |
4 |
4% |
includes
Meadowlarks, (American) Orioles, Grackles, Cowbirds; Yellow-breasted Chat
(Icteria virens) formerly in Parulidae; Meadowlark and African
Yellow-throated Longclaw (Motacillidae) example of cnvergent evolution |
|||||||||||
|
CARDINALIDAE |
CARDINALS,
GROSBEAKS AND ALLIES |
195 |
48 |
14 |
29% |
earlier in
Emberizidae; includes (New World) Buntings, Tanagers, Dickcissel, Pyrrhuloxia
(now a 'Cardinalis') |
|||||||||||||
|
THRAUPIDAE |
TANAGERS |
196 |
371 |
1 |
0,3% |
earlier in
Emberizidae; Cinnamon-rumped Seedeater became here Morelet's seedeater:
Sporophila (torqueola) morelleti |
|||||||||||||
|
PARIDAE |
TITS, CHICKADEES |
199 |
59 |
12 |
20% |
6 |
10% |
Titmouse (Baeolophus)
and Chickadee (Poecile) formerly regarded as a (Palearctic) Parus specie;
sSiberian Tit or Gray-headed Chickadee (Poecile cinctus) from Norway to East
Siberia spread out to Alaska and Yukon |
|||||||||||
|
REMIZIDAE |
PENDULINE TITS |
200 |
10 |
1 |
10% |
Verdin; other
species in Palearctic, Afrotropical |
|||||||||||||
|
ALAUDIDAE |
LARKS |
202 |
93 |
1 |
1% |
Horned Lark: called
Shore Lark in Europe |
|||||||||||||
|
HIRUNDINIDAE |
SWALLOWS |
211 |
84 |
9 |
11% |
includes Martins |
|||||||||||||
|
PHYLLOSCOPIDAE' |
OLD WORLD LEAF
WARBLERS |
213 |
77 |
1 |
1% |
Arctic Warbler: East Palearctic
bird occurring up to Alaska, breeding in Indochina and Indonesia; formerly in
Sylviidae |
|||||||||||||
|
AEGITHALIDAE |
LONG-TAILED TITS |
215 |
10 |
1 |
10% |
Bushtit; other species
(mostly Eastern) Palearctic, Oriental |
|||||||||||||
|
SYLVIIDAE' |
SYLVIA WARBLERS,
PARROTBILLS AND ALLIES |
216 |
62 |
1 |
2% |
1 |
2% |
Wrentit (Chamaea fasciata)
formerly in Timaliidae (sometimes in its own family Chamaeidae, or in
Aegithalidae or Paridae); only Sylvid in America; at IOC in Paradoxornithidae |
|||||||||||
|
REGULIDAE |
GOLDCRESTS OR
KINGLETS |
221 |
6 |
2 |
1/3 |
new family: earlier in
Sylviidae with Arctic Warbler transferred to Phylloscopidae |
|||||||||||||
|
BOMBYCILLIDAE |
WAXWINGS |
223 |
3 |
2 |
2/3 |
Bohemian Waxwing
circumpolar; Cedar Waxwing NA down to Costa Rica |
|||||||||||||
|
PTILIOGONATIDAE |
SILKY-FLYCATCHERS |
225 |
4 |
1 |
1/4 |
||||||||||||||
|
CERTHIIDAE |
TREECREEPERS |
227 |
9 |
1 |
11% |
Brown Creeper;
other species in Palearctic, Oriental |
|||||||||||||
|
SITTIDAE |
NUTHATCHES,
SALPORNISES AND WALLCREEPER |
228 |
28 |
4 |
14% |
1 |
4% |
||||||||||||
|
TROGLODYTIDAE |
WRENS |
229 |
82 |
10 |
12% |
2 |
2% |
||||||||||||
|
POLIOPTILIDAE |
GNATCATCHERS |
230 |
15 |
1 |
7% |
California
Gnatcatcher partly Neotropical |
|||||||||||||
|
MIMIDAE |
MOCKINGBIRDS,
THRASHERS |
232 |
34 |
10 |
29% |
1 |
3% |
includes Catbirds,
Tremblers |
|||||||||||
|
STURNIDAE |
STARLINGS (introduced) |
233 |
111 |
1 |
1% |
Common Starling
introduced to NA |
|||||||||||||
|
CINCLIDAE |
DIPPERS |
234 |
5 |
2 |
2/5 |
||||||||||||||
|
MUSCICAPIDAE' |
CHATS AND
FLYCATCHERS |
235 |
303 |
1 |
0,3% |
Northern Wheatear:
Palearctic bird with footholds in Yukon and Baffin Land; in autumn all return
to Africa |
|||||||||||||
|
TURDIDAE |
THRUSHES |
236 |
156 |
12 |
8% |
1 |
1% |
includes Veery, Solitaire,
Bluebird, American Robin (a Turdus Thrush, of which trans-Atlantic movements
occurred between 11 and 4 million years ago) |
|||||||||||
|
32% of families |
Aves in Nearctic |
75 families |
5766 |
659 |
11% |
98 |
2% |
Aves in Nearctic |
|||||||||||
|
42% of families |
non-passerines |
42 families |
3022 |
370 |
12% |
61 |
2% |
non-passerines |
|||||||||||
|
24% of families |
passerines |
33 families |
2744 |
289 |
11% |
37 |
1% |
passerines |
|||||||||||
|
global |
Aves |
10027 |
659 |
7% |
|||||||||||||||
|
global |
non-passerines |
4021 |
370 |
9% |
|||||||||||||||
|
global |
passerines |
6006 |
289 |
5% |
|||||||||||||||
|
' not in
Neotropical |
Nearctic |
global |
NA |
as |
NA
endemics |
as |
comments |
||||||||||||
|
|
North America down to central Mexico |
number
of |
number
of |
share
of |
number
of |
share
of |
|||||||||||||
|
species |
species |
global |
species |
global
species |
|||||||||||||||
|
Source: The Howard and Moore complete
checklist of the birds of the world, 2013~2014 |
|||||||||||||||||||