|
Eastern
Palearctic |
global |
EP |
as |
EP
endemics |
as
share |
Western |
Eastern |
Palearctic |
as |
total |
comments |
|||||||||||||
|
Siberia, the 'stans', Mongolia, China down to Yangtze, Korea, Japan |
number
of |
number
of |
share
of |
number
of |
of
global |
share
of |
share
of |
number
of |
share
of |
Palearctic |
referring to species in |
|||||||||||||
|
excluding birds exotic for this area |
species |
species |
global |
species |
species |
Palearctic |
Palearctic |
species |
global |
endemics |
Eastern Palearctic |
|||||||||||||
|
STRUTHIONIDAE |
OSTRICHES |
1 |
2 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
ANATIDAE |
DUCKS, GEESE, SWANS |
8 |
157 |
47 |
30% |
3 |
2% |
74% |
87% |
54 |
34% |
6 |
highest number of
non-passerines in Eastern Palearctic; includes Goldeneye |
|||||||||||
|
PHASIANIDAE |
PARTRIDGES, PHEASANTS, GROUSE |
13 |
177 |
44 |
25% |
14 |
8% |
33% |
86% |
51 |
29% |
23 |
highest number of endemics
(non-passerines) in Eastern Palearctic; includes Black Francolin, Quails, Snowcocks;
Grouse sometimes (BTO) in its own family: Tetraonidae |
|||||||||||
|
PHOENICOPTERIDAE |
FLAMINGOS |
14 |
6 |
1 |
17% |
|
<all> |
<all> |
1 |
17% |
Kazakhstan's flamingos
form the world's northernmost breeding colony |
|||||||||||||
|
PODICIPEDIDAE |
GREBES |
15 |
19 |
4 |
21% |
|
<all> |
80% |
5 |
26% |
||||||||||||||
|
COLUMBIDAE |
PIGEONS |
16 |
304 |
17 |
6% |
|
1 |
0,3% |
42% |
89% |
19 |
6% |
3 |
|||||||||||
|
PTEROCLIDAE |
SANDGROUSE |
17 |
16 |
8 |
50% |
|
63% |
<all> |
8 |
50% |
all 8 Palearctic species
present in Eastern region |
|||||||||||||
|
PHAETHONTIDAE |
TROPICBIRDS |
21 |
<all> |
none |
1 |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
CAPRIMULGIDAE |
NIGHTJARS |
25 |
90 |
5 |
6% |
1 |
1% |
1/2 |
63% |
8 |
9% |
1 |
||||||||||||
|
APODIDAE |
SWIFTS |
27 |
99 |
8 |
8% |
|
55% |
73% |
11 |
11% |
Crested
Treeswift (Hemiprocne coronata) formerly in Hemiprocnidae |
|||||||||||||
|
CUCULIDAE |
CUCKOOS |
30 |
139 |
10 |
7% |
|
27% |
91% |
11 |
8% |
||||||||||||||
|
RALLIDAE |
RAILS AND COOTS |
31 |
127 |
12 |
9% |
3 |
2% |
60% |
80% |
15 |
12% |
3 |
includes Crakes;
diversification and the global retention of lineage diversity have occurred
in multiple lineages in Rallidae due to their dispersal ability and
exploitation of ecological opportunities |
|||||||||||
|
GRUIDAE |
CRANES |
36 |
15 |
8 |
53% |
3 |
20% |
29% |
<all> |
7 |
47% |
4 |
two separate populations of
Siberian Crane in the Arctic tundra of western and eastern Russia |
|||||||||||
|
OTIDIDAE |
BUSTARDS |
37 |
26 |
2 |
8% |
1 |
4% |
3/4 |
1/2 |
4 |
15% |
3 |
||||||||||||
|
GAVIIDAE |
DIVERS OR LOONS |
39 |
5 |
3 |
60% |
|
<all> |
3/4 |
4 |
4/5 |
1 |
|||||||||||||
|
OCEANITIDAE |
AUSTRAL STORM-PETRELS |
41 |
|
|
<all> |
none |
1 |
The austral storm petrels
are basal within the Procellariiformes; the first split was the subfamily
Oceanitidae, with the Hydrobatidae splitting from the rest of the order at a
later date |
||||||||||||||||
|
DIOMEDEIDAE |
ALBATROSSES |
42 |
13 |
3 |
23% |
none |
<all> |
3 |
23% |
breeding on islands near
Japan |
||||||||||||||
|
HYDROBATIDAE |
NORTHERN STORM-PETRELS |
43 |
14 |
3 |
21% |
1 |
7% |
3/5 |
3/5 |
5 |
36% |
3 |
||||||||||||
|
PROCELLARIIDAE |
PETRELS AND SHEARWATERS |
44 |
84 |
2 |
2% |
90% |
20% |
10 |
12% |
3 |
Streaked Shearwater and
Wedge-tailed Shearwater S Japan |
|||||||||||||
|
CICONIIDAE |
STORKS |
45 |
19 |
2 |
11% |
1 |
5% |
2/3 |
2/3 |
3 |
16% |
1 |
||||||||||||
|
PELECANIDAE |
PELICANS |
46 |
8 |
2 |
25% |
|
<all> |
<all> |
2 |
25% |
||||||||||||||
|
ARDEIDAE |
HERONS |
49 |
62 |
11 |
18% |
69% |
85% |
13 |
21% |
includes Bitterns, Egrets |
||||||||||||||
|
THRESKIORNITHIDAE |
IBISES AND SPOONBILLS |
50 |
34 |
4 |
12% |
1 |
3% |
3/5 |
4/5 |
5 |
15% |
1 |
Spoonbills earlier (before 1950s)
in separate family Plataleidae (now subfamily Plataleinae) |
|||||||||||
|
SULIDAE |
GANNETS AND BOOBIES |
52 |
|
<all> |
none |
1 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
PHALACROCORACIDAE |
CORMORANTS |
53 |
30 |
4 |
13% |
1 |
3% |
1/2 |
2/3 |
6 |
20% |
3 |
||||||||||||
|
ANHINGIDAE |
DARTERS |
54 |
<all> |
none |
1 |
includes Stone-curlew |
||||||||||||||||||
|
BURHINIDAE |
THICK-KNEES |
55 |
9 |
1 |
11% |
|
<all> |
<all> |
1 |
11% |
||||||||||||||
|
HAEMATOPODIDAE |
OYSTERCATCHERS AND IBISBILL |
58 |
12 |
2 |
17% |
|
1/2 |
<all> |
2 |
17% |
1 |
includes Ibisbill, formerly
in Ibidorhynchidae |
||||||||||||
|
RECURVIROSTRIDAE |
STILTS AND AVOCETS |
59 |
7 |
2 |
29% |
|
<all> |
<all> |
2 |
29% |
||||||||||||||
|
CHARADRIIDAE |
PLOVERS AND LAPWINGS |
60 |
67 |
15 |
22% |
|
61% |
83% |
18 |
27% |
2 |
includes Dotterel |
||||||||||||
|
ROSTRATULIDAE |
PAINTED-SNIPE |
63 |
3 |
1 |
33% |
none |
<all> |
1 |
1/3 |
|||||||||||||||
|
SCOLOPACIDAE |
SANDPIPERS |
65 |
90 |
45 |
50% |
1 |
1% |
62% |
96% |
47 |
52% |
2 |
includes Sanderling, Dunlin,
Turnstone, Knot, Ruff, Snipe, Dowitcher, Godwit, Curlew, Whimbrel, Phalarope,
Woodcock, Tattler, Redshank, Greenshank |
|||||||||||
|
TURNICIDAE |
BUTTONQUAILS |
66 |
|
<all> |
none |
1 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
GLAREOLIDAE |
COURSERS AND PRATINCOLES |
68 |
17 |
2 |
12% |
|
3/4 |
1/2 |
4 |
24% |
||||||||||||||
|
ALCIDAE |
AUKS |
69 |
24 |
15 |
63% |
3 |
13% |
30% |
75% |
20 |
83% |
4 |
includes Guillemot, Murrelet,
Puffin |
|||||||||||
|
STERCORARIIDAE |
SKUAS OR JAEGERS |
70 |
7 |
3 |
43% |
|
<all> |
3/4 |
4 |
57% |
||||||||||||||
|
LARIDAE |
GULLS AND TERNS |
71 |
99 |
35 |
35% |
2 |
2% |
66% |
80% |
44 |
44% |
6 |
includes Kittiwake |
|||||||||||
|
PANDIONIDAE |
OSPREY |
74 |
1 |
1 |
<all> |
|
<all> |
<all> |
1 |
100% |
worldwide distrbution |
|||||||||||||
|
ACCIPITRIDAE |
KITES, HAWKS AND EAGLES |
75 |
240 |
35 |
15% |
4 |
2% |
71% |
83% |
42 |
18% |
11 |
||||||||||||
|
TYTONIDAE |
BARN OWLS |
76 |
19 |
1 |
5% |
|
<all> |
<all> |
1 |
5% |
Barn Owl worldwide
distrbution |
|||||||||||||
|
STRIGIDAE |
OWLS |
77 |
195 |
23 |
12% |
1 |
1% |
63% |
96% |
24 |
12% |
3 |
includes Boobook |
|||||||||||
|
UPUPIDAE |
HOOPOES |
82 |
1 |
1 |
<all> |
|
<all> |
<all> |
1 |
100% |
old world |
|||||||||||||
|
PICIDAE |
WOODPECKERS |
87 |
216 |
24 |
11% |
3 |
1% |
42% |
92% |
26 |
12% |
6 |
||||||||||||
|
MEROPIDAE |
BEE-EATERS |
89 |
27 |
2 |
7% |
|
2/3 |
2/3 |
3 |
11% |
||||||||||||||
|
CORACIIDAE |
ROLLERS |
90 |
12 |
3 |
25% |
|
1/3 |
<all> |
3 |
25% |
includes Dollarbird |
|||||||||||||
|
ALCEDINIDAE |
KINGFISHERS |
94 |
90 |
3 |
3% |
|
1/2 |
3/4 |
4 |
4% |
||||||||||||||
|
FALCONIDAE |
FALCONS AND CARACARAS |
96 |
63 |
9 |
14% |
|
91% |
82% |
11 |
17% |
||||||||||||||
|
PITTIDAE |
PITTAS |
102 |
29 |
1 |
3% |
none |
<all> |
1 |
3% |
Fairy Pitta,
wintering in Oriental region |
||||||||||||||
|
CAMPEPHAGIDAE |
MINIVETS AND
CUCKOOSHRIKES |
143 |
85 |
9 |
11% |
1 |
1% |
none |
<all> |
9 |
11% |
1 |
all 9 Palearctic species
present in Eastern region |
|||||||||||
|
ORIOLIDAE |
ORIOLES, FIGBIRDS AND ALLIES |
152 |
33 |
1 |
3% |
<all> |
<all> |
1 |
3% |
Eurasian Golden Oriole up to
Mongolia |
||||||||||||||
|
MALACONOTIDAE |
BUSH-SHRIKES, PUFFBACKS AND
TCHAGRAS |
160 |
46 |
|
<all> |
none |
1 |
removed from
Laniidae |
||||||||||||||||
|
DICRURIDAE |
DRONGOS |
161 |
22 |
3 |
14% |
none |
<all> |
3 |
14% |
Black Drongo possibly up to
Russian Far East |
||||||||||||||
|
LANIIDAE |
SHRIKES |
163 |
34 |
14 |
41% |
2 |
6% |
41% |
82% |
17 |
50% |
3 |
||||||||||||
|
CORVIDAE |
CROWS AND JAYS |
164 |
125 |
22 |
18% |
5 |
4% |
58% |
85% |
26 |
21% |
10 |
Pseudopodoces humilis
(Hume's Ground Chough > Groundpecker or Ground Tit) from Corvidae to
Paridae |
|||||||||||
|
MONARCHIDAE |
MONARCHS |
165 |
93 |
3 |
3% |
none |
<all> |
3 |
3% |
|||||||||||||||
|
NECTARINIIDAE |
SUNBIRDS |
174 |
136 |
3 |
2% |
|
1/4 |
3/4 |
4 |
3% |
||||||||||||||
|
UROCYNCHRAMIDAE |
PRZEVALSKI'S ROSEFINCH |
176 |
1 |
1 |
<all> |
1 |
<all> |
none |
<all> |
1 |
100% |
1 |
formerly in
Fringillidae; relict member of a lineage that is as old as, or older than,
other families of finches; endemic to the mountains of western China |
|||||||||||
|
PRUNELLIDAE |
ACCENTORS |
177 |
12 |
11 |
92% |
6 |
50% |
1/3 |
92% |
12 |
100% |
10 |
||||||||||||
|
PASSERIDAE |
SPARROWS, SNOWFINCHES AND
ALLIES |
182 |
38 |
16 |
42% |
8 |
21% |
59% |
73% |
22 |
58% |
15 |
split off from Ploceidae |
|||||||||||
|
MOTACILLIDAE |
WAGTAILS AND PIPITS |
183 |
67 |
21 |
31% |
3 |
4% |
52% |
91% |
23 |
34% |
6 |
Rock Pipit and Berthelot's Pipit
not in Eastern Palearctic |
|||||||||||
|
FRINGILLIDAE |
FINCHES, EUPHONIAS AND
HAWAIIAN HONEYCREEPERS |
184 |
198 |
63 |
32% |
23 |
12% |
41% |
86% |
73 |
37% |
15 |
highest number of endemics
(passerines) in Eastern Palearctic |
|||||||||||
|
CALCARIIDAE |
LONGSPURS |
185 |
6 |
2 |
33% |
|
<all> |
<all> |
2 |
1/3 |
split off from Emberizidae;
includes Snow Bunting |
|||||||||||||
|
EMBERIZIDAE |
OLD WORLD BUNTINGS |
187 |
41 |
27 |
66% |
5 |
12% |
44% |
84% |
32 |
78% |
9 |
believed to have evolved in the
New World; related to Thraupidae and Cardinalidae (both now split off from
Emberizidae) |
|||||||||||
|
PARIDAE |
TITS, CHICKADEES |
199 |
59 |
22 |
37% |
7 |
12% |
41% |
81% |
27 |
46% |
16 |
Cephalopyrus flammiceps
(Fire-capped Tit) formerly in Remizidae; Pseudopodoces humilis (Hume's Ground
Chough > Groundpecker or Ground Tit) from Corvidae |
|||||||||||
|
REMIZIDAE |
PENDULINE TITS |
200 |
10 |
3 |
30% |
1 |
10% |
2/3 |
<all> |
3 |
30% |
3 |
||||||||||||
|
ALAUDIDAE |
LARKS |
202 |
93 |
16 |
17% |
3 |
3% |
74% |
70% |
23 |
25% |
9 |
||||||||||||
|
PANURIDAE |
BEARDED REEDLING |
203 |
1 |
1 |
<all> |
|
<all> |
<all> |
1 |
100% |
1 |
'Bearded Tit' or Bearded
Reedling: Europe to Russian Far East; at IOC in Paradoxornithidae
(Parrotbills) |
||||||||||||
|
CISTICOLIDAE |
CISTICOLAS |
205 |
139 |
2 |
1% |
|
2/3 |
2/3 |
3 |
2% |
new family: Cisticola,
Prinia from Sylviidae |
|||||||||||||
|
LOCUSTELLIDAE |
GRASSBIRDS AND ALLIES |
206 |
57 |
14 |
25% |
4 |
7% |
21% |
<all> |
14 |
25% |
5 |
new family: earlier in
Sylviidae |
|||||||||||
|
ACROCEPHALIDAE |
BRUSH, REED AND SWAMP
WARBLERS |
209 |
53 |
20 |
38% |
|
65% |
87% |
23 |
43% |
1 |
removed from
Sylviidae |
||||||||||||
|
HIRUNDINIDAE |
SWALLOWS |
211 |
84 |
10 |
12% |
|
58% |
83% |
12 |
14% |
includes Martins |
|||||||||||||
|
PYCNONOTIDAE |
BULBULS |
212 |
130 |
8 |
6% |
20% |
80% |
10 |
8% |
|
||||||||||||||
|
PHYLLOSCOPIDAE |
OLD WORLD LEAF WARBLERS |
213 |
77 |
36 |
46% |
4 |
5% |
32% |
88% |
41 |
53% |
7 |
new family: formerly in
Sylviida; includes Willow Warbler up to East Siberia, wintering in tropical
Africa |
|||||||||||
|
SCOTOCERCIDAE |
BUSH WARBLERS AND ALLIES |
214 |
37 |
9 |
24% |
22% |
<all> |
9 |
24% |
new family: extracted from
Sylviidae; all 9 Palearctic species present in Eastern region |
||||||||||||||
|
AEGITHALIDAE |
LONG-TAILED TITS |
215 |
10 |
6 |
60% |
1 |
10% |
17% |
<all> |
6 |
60% |
2 |
all 6 Palearctic species
present in Eastern region; Leptopoecile (Tit Warbler) formerly in Sylviidae |
|||||||||||
|
SYLVIIDAE |
SYLVIA WARBLERS, PARROTBILLS
AND ALLIES |
216 |
62 |
27 |
44% |
8 |
13% |
50% |
64% |
42 |
68% |
11 |
Lioparus (Fulvetta) and
Mouinia (Rufous-tailed Babbler) formerly in Timaliidae; various species moved
to Cisticolidae, Locustellidae, Acrocephalidae, Phylloscopidae,
Scotocercidae, Aegithalidae, Regulidae |
|||||||||||
|
ZOSTEROPIDAE |
WHITE-EYES |
217 |
120 |
2 |
2% |
1 |
1% |
none |
<all> |
2 |
2% |
1 |
||||||||||||
|
LEIOTHRICHIDAE |
BABBLERS, LAUGHING-THRUSHES
AND ALLIES |
220 |
125 |
29 |
23% |
11 |
9% |
9% |
91% |
32 |
26% |
12 |
new family: formerly in
Timaliidae; 9 of 11 endemic to China |
|||||||||||
|
REGULIDAE |
GOLDCRESTS OR KINGLETS |
221 |
6 |
1 |
17% |
<all> |
1/3 |
3 |
1/2 |
3 |
new family: earlier in
Sylviidae |
|||||||||||||
|
BOMBYCILLIDAE |
WAXWINGS |
223 |
3 |
2 |
67% |
1 |
1/3 |
1/2 |
<all> |
2 |
2/3 |
1 |
||||||||||||
|
HYPOCOLIIDAE |
HYPOCOLIUS AND ALLIES |
224 |
|
<all> |
none |
1 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
CERTHIIDAE |
TREECREEPERS |
227 |
9 |
4 |
44% |
2/5 |
4/5 |
5 |
56% |
2 |
||||||||||||||
|
SITTIDAE |
NUTHATCHES, SALPORNISES AND
WALLCREEPER |
228 |
28 |
10 |
36% |
4 |
14% |
50% |
71% |
14 |
50% |
10 |
||||||||||||
|
TROGLODYTIDAE |
WRENS |
229 |
82 |
1 |
1% |
|
<all> |
<all> |
1 |
1% |
||||||||||||||
|
STURNIDAE |
STARLINGS |
233 |
111 |
9 |
8% |
36% |
82% |
11 |
10% |
1 |
||||||||||||||
|
CINCLIDAE |
DIPPERS |
234 |
5 |
2 |
40% |
|
1/2 |
<all> |
2 |
2/5 |
1 |
|||||||||||||
|
MUSCICAPIDAE |
CHATS AND FLYCATCHERS |
235 |
303 |
86 |
28% |
7 |
2% |
37% |
83% |
103 |
34% |
13 |
highest number of passerines
in Eastern Palearctic; many species formerly in Turdidae, incl. Robins, Nightingale,
Bluethroat, Wheatears, Rock Thrushes, Forktails, Redstarts, Niltavas |
|||||||||||
|
TURDIDAE |
THRUSHES |
236 |
156 |
31 |
20% |
5 |
3% |
22% |
97% |
32 |
21% |
9 |
includes Blackbird,
Fieldfare, Redwing; most probable ancestral regions for all Turdus species
were located in the East Palearctic realm |
|||||||||||
|
34% of families |
Aves in Eastern Palearctic |
81
families |
5369 |
971 |
18% |
155 |
16% |
49% |
84% |
1160 |
22% |
268 |
||||||||||||
|
41% of families |
non-passerines |
41
families |
2643 |
423 |
16% |
44 |
10% |
60% |
83% |
509 |
19% |
90 |
||||||||||||
|
29% of families |
passerines |
40
families |
2697 |
548 |
20% |
111 |
20% |
41% |
84% |
651 |
24% |
178 |
twice as many Passerine
species in Eastern Palearctic than in Western Palearctic |
|||||||||||
|
global |
Aves |
10027 |
971 |
10% |
1
endemic family |
22 |
29 |
families |
||||||||||||||||
|
global |
non-passerines |
4021 |
423 |
11% |
8 |
7 |
families |
|||||||||||||||||
|
global |
passerines |
6006 |
548 |
9% |
1
endemic family |
<all> |
all Palearctic species in
above mentioned region |
|||||||||||||||||
|
none |
no Palearctic species in
above mentioned region |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Eastern
Palearctic |
global |
EP |
as |
EP
endemics |
as
share |
Western |
Eastern |
Palearctic |
as |
total |
comments |
|||||||||||||
|
Siberia, the 'stans', Mongolia, China down to Yangtze, Korea, Japan |
number
of |
number
of |
share
of |
number
of |
of
global |
share
of |
share
of |
number
of |
share
of |
Palearctic |
referring to species in |
|||||||||||||
|
species |
species |
global |
species |
species |
Palearctic |
Palearctic |
species |
global |
endemics |
Eastern Palearctic |
||||||||||||||
|
Source: The Howard and Moore
complete checklist of the birds of the world, 2013~2014 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||