(S)GM(W) ENGINES IN CHINA AND ELSEWHERE

As soon as Shanghai General Motors started building cars in 1999, it developed varieties of existing engines, such as 2.5 and 3.0 versions of the 60° V6 engine. For specific details and model applications, see On a Global Mission: The Automobiles of General Motors International

SGM(W) multi-port DOHC 4-valve engines:

Modelled after Opel engines, arrived in 2010 SGM’s own engine family with unique bore and stroke dimensions, at first in the Chevrolet Sail, the first SGM-developed car. This 1399cc engine, that China also fitted in its 2011 Aveo, differed from the Daewoo 1399cc, and of course also from the later SGE engine family variant.

Likewise, the 1349cc variant in the 2015 Chevrolet Sail3 should not be confused with the 1349cc in the Daewoo Lanos, nor with the 1349cc in the later dual injection engine family.

The 1485cc engine arrived in August 2011 in the Baojun 630, and became a hit in numerous variants, with double variable valve timing added, and fitted in most Baojuns and Wulings and various entry-level Buick and Chevrolet models, and also in the Uzbek-built Daewoo Gentra/Chevrolet Lacetti.

The 1372cc turbo variant replaced the imported 1364cc engine in the Buick Encore in mid-2013 and had similar output specifications but with the torque revs starting at 1700 instead of 1850 rpm due to a split turbocharger, with the engine boost bypass channel directly controlled by a solenoid valve.

In 2016 arrived a 1451cc turbo variety with the torque increased from 200 to 230 Nm for the Baojun 730 and 560, to which Baojun developed one with 250 Nm to cope with a CVT. This engine employs a new highly efficient combustion system. The engine’s optimized intake duct’s tumble ratio has been increased from 1.8 to 2.35. This produces greater intake pressure and a higher compression ratio, further reducing the engine’s fuel consumption by 10 percent.

SGM(W) multi-port DOHC 4-valve engines:									alloy head						multi-point injection

						engine	net		rated
from	to	cyl	cc	bore	stroke	code	kW	hp	kW	hp	rpm	Nm	rpm	compr.								Wuling:

14.12	19.06	L4	1349	73.8	78.8	LEW	73	99	76	103	6000	127	4000	10.8	VVT	CHN	Chevrolet Sail3

13.06	16.11	L4	1372	73.8	80.2	LFF	103	140	105	143	4900	200	1700~4800	9.5	DVVT Turbo	CHN	Buick Encore, Chevrolet Trax
16.11	19.06					LFF	105	143	108	147	4900	205	1800~4800	9.5	DVVT Turbo	CHN	Buick Encore, Chevrolet Trax
15.03	17.10					LFF	103	140	106	144	4900	200	1700~4800	9.5	DVVT Turbo	CHN	Buick Excelle GT

10.01	15'	L4	1399	73.8	81.8	LCU			76	103	6000	131	4200	10.2	VVT	CHN	Chevrolet Sail, Aveo					IDN: Chevrolet Enjoy
10.09	13					LCU			75	102	6000	131	4200	10.2	VVT	CHN						Wuling Hongguang
	' -19 in export (Sail)

16.07		L4	1451	73.8	84.7	LL5	102	139	110	150	5500	230	2000~3800	9.5	DVVT Turbo	CHN	Baojun	730 (II)	560	530		Wuling Hongguang S3
18.11						LTX	106	144	114	155	5500	230	2000~3800	9.5	as above, + BSG Motor	CHN	Baojun	730 II
18.11						LJO	108	147	111	151	5200	250	1600~3600	9.8	DVVT Turbo	CHN	Baojun	730 II		530	RS-5
19.07			China 6b standard			LJO	104	141	108	147	5200	250	2200~3400	9.8	DVVT Turbo	CHN	Baojun	730 II	RM-5, RC-6	530, RC-5	RS-3/RS-5	Hongguang S3, Plus, Victory, Jiachen	Zhengcheng, Xingchen, Xingchi
19.02							103	140			5200	250	1800~3600	9.8	DVVT Turbo	IDN	Wuling	Cortez		Almaz
19.06							105	143			5000	250	1600~3600	9.8	DVVT Turbo, + hybrid	IND				MG Hector
19.05										147	5500	230	2000~3800		DVVT Turbo	SAm				Chevrolet Captiva
20.03							105	143			5000	255	2400	9.8	DVVT Turbo	MidE				Chevrolet Captiva
19.08	20						105	143				250	1600~3600	9.8	DVVT Turbo	THA				Chevrolet Captiva

18.08		L4	1485	74.7	84.7	L2B	72	98	77	105	5800	147	3600~4400	10.2		CHN						Hongguang S, xin S, V
13.04	CHN:19					L2B	80	109	83	113	6000	141	4000	10.2	DVVT	CHN	Buick Excelle (Kaiyue), Chevrolet Sail/Aveo (export until 23.09), Cruze Classic, Lova RV, Cavalier
20.03			China 6b standard			L2B	80	109	83	113	6000	141	4400	10.2	DVVT	CHN	Buick Excelle GT, Chevrolet Monza
20.07	23.08		China 6b standard			L2B	72	98	75	102	5000	143	4000	10.2	DVVT	CHN	Buick Velite 6 PHEV (range extender)
14.08						L2B	78	106	82	111	5800	147	3600~4000	10.2	DVVT	CHN	Baojun	730 (II)	360	510	310(W)	Hongguang, S, S1, S3	Rongguang V'
15.06	17.10					L2B	81	110	84	114	6000	143	4400	10.2	DVVT	CHN	Buick Excelle GT
18.03							74	100	79	107	5800	142	3800~4400	10.2	DVVT	IDN	Wuling	Cortez				Confero
19.07			China 6b standard			L2B	74	100	77	105	5600	135	3600~5200	10.2	DVVT	CHN	Baojun	730 (II)	360	510/RS-3	310W
19.07			China 6b standard			LAR	70	95	73	99	5800	143	3400~4400	10.2	DVVT	CHN	Baojun	RM-5	360	510/RS-3	RC-5	Confero S, Jiachen, Xingchi
23.02						LAR			77	105	5800	143	4000~4600	10.2	DVVT	IDN	Wuling	Alvez
19.07			China 6b standard			LAR			73	99	5800	140	3400~4400	10.2	DVVT	CHN	export: Chevrolet Aveo/Sail 2024					Hongguang xin S, S3, V, Plus	Zhengtu, Rongguang V"
23.04			China 6b standard			LAR			75	102	5400	136	4000~4800	10.2	DVVT	CHN						Zhiguang, Rongguang S
20.03			China 6b standard			L3C	70	95	73	99	5400	135	3800~5000	10.2	DVVT	CHN							Rongguang lwb, truck
13.11						LM9			78	106	6000	141	4200	10.2		UZB	Daewoo Gentra/Chevrolet Lacetti/Ravon Gentra
11.08						For earlier applications, see 'On a Global Mission', Volume 2																' + early Hongguang V
																							" 2 seater: 136 Nm

Liuzhou Saike Technology direct injection DOHC 4-valve engines:

This engine, currently dubbed ‘280T’, introduced direct injection to SGMW, starting with the Baojun RS-5 300T in June 2020 and at the end of that year with the inofficial Baojun RS-7 SUV, and by 2022 in the Wuling Victory. The 3-cylinder 1199cc ‘245T’ is in the inofficial Baojun RS-5 PHEV, and was also intended for the RS-3.

The naturally aspirated S15-DHE Dedicated Hybrid Engine‘s core role is to solve the energy replenishment problem, rather than solving the driving problem under all working conditions. The gear train of the engine is removed to further reduce the burden on the engine. The air-conditioning compressor, water pump, and vacuum pump are all electrically powered.

Liuzhou Saike Technology direct injection DOHC 4-valve engines:									alloy head						direct injection

						engine	net		rated
from	to	cyl	cc	bore	stroke	code	kW	hp	kW	hp	rpm	Nm	rpm	compr.

21.06	21	L3	1199	75.1	90.3	245T	92	125	96	131	5300	245	1500~3000	10.5	DVVT Turbo	CHN	Baojun	RS-5 PHEV (not official)
20.06		L4	1498	75.1	84.6	280T	125	170	130	177	5300	290	1500~3500	10.5	DVVT Turbo	CHN	Baojun	RS-5; RS-7 (not official); Wuling Victory
23.12						LBG or S15-DHE	75	102	78	106	5800	130	4800~5000	15.5	DVVT Atkinson	CHN	Wuling	XingGuang (S) PHEV; Baojun Yunhai PHEV

SGM/SAIC dual injection DOHC 4-valve engines:

This family, part of the SAIC-GM-the-eighth-generation Ecotec brand, was conceived for Shanghai GM, also for usage by SAIC in their Roewe/MG/Maxus models. This twin-jet engine uses port (indirect) injectors only, but closer to the valves.

A 999cc variation with direct injection arrived in April 2019 in the Chinese market Onix, not to be confused with the 4-cylinder OHC 999cc engine in the previous generation Onix, at that time still available in South America, and replaced late in 2019 (a DOHC variant was available in the Brazilian Corsa around the turn of the millennium, see 'On a Global Mission', Volume 2). Both 999cc DOHC engines stopped being offered in China by 2022.

Another 3-cylinder 999cc engine, with different bore and stroke dimensions is used in the SGE family (see hereunder), but in China only by MG/Roewe.

SGM E-Tec DOHC 4-valve engines:									all alloy

						engine	net		rated
from	to	cyl	cc	bore	stroke	code	kW	hp	kW	hp	rpm	Nm	rpm	compr.	dual (indirect) injection

17.10	19.03	L3	999	72.6	80.4	LJI	85	116	92	125	5600	170	2000~3600	9.5	dual injection, turbo	CHN	Buick Excelle GT/GX
18.03	19.06					LJI	85	116	88	120	5200	165	1700~4400	9.5	dual injection, turbo	CHN	Chevrolet Cavalier
19.03	22.09		China 6b standard			LIW	85	116	92	125	5600	170	2000~4000	10.0	dual injection, turbo	CHN	Chevrolet Monza, Buick Excelle GT/GX
19.04			China 6b standard			LIV	85	116	92	125	5800	180	1350~4500	10.5	direct injection, turbo	CHN	Chevrolet Onix (CHN > MEX by 22), Tracker (-22 CHN), Buick Encore (-22), Verano (-21)
21.07							85	116			5800	175	1500~4200	10.5	direct injection, turbo	PI	Chevrolet Tracker

SGM/SAIC E-Tec DOHC 4-valve engines:									all alloy

18.06	19.09	L3	1349	80	89.4	LI5	76	103	79	107	6200	133	4000	11.5	dual injection	CHN	Buick Excelle (Kaiyue)
19.09			China 6b standard			LGB	76	103	79	107	6200	130	4000~4400	11.5	dual injection	CHN	Buick Excelle (Kaiyue), Chevrolet Onix (MEX by 22)
17.10	20.11					LI6	115	156	120	163	5500	230	1800~4400	9.5	dual injection, turbo	CHN	Buick Excelle GT/GX, GL6, Chevrolet Orlando
17.10	19					LI6	115	156	120	163	5200	230	1800~4400	9.5	dual injection, turbo	CHN	Roewe RX3, Maxus D60, G50
19.03			China 6b standard			LIY	115	156	120	163	5500	230	1800~4400	10.0	dual injection, turbo	CHN	Buick Excelle GT/GX, GL6, Chevrolet Orlando, Monza (= Cavalier MEX: 230 Nm/1600 rpm)
19.06	23		China 6b standard			LIY	115	156	120	163	5200	230	1800~4400	10.0	dual injection, turbo	CHN	Roewe RX3, MG ZS, Maxus D60, G50, Euniq 5&6 Plug in
21.11							103	140			5600	220	3600		dual injection, turbo	IND	MG Astor 220 Turbo (=ZS)

Wuling Liuji-developed DOHC 4-valve engine:

This engine is said to have been modelled after Toyota's alloy 1ZZ-FE engine (arriving in the 1998 American Corolla and Chevrolet Prizm), using its bore and stroke, but quoting a more optimistic 1798cc. This engine became superfluous for Baojun in mid-2016 at the release of the 1451cc turbo, and was abandoned (with automatic clutch) in autumn 2018 at the release of the CVT transmission in the 1.5 turbo. It continues in the Rongguang pickup.

Wuling Liuji DOHC 4-valve engine:									all alloy						multi-point injection

						engine	net		rated
from	to	cyl	cc	bore	stroke	code	kW	hp	kW	hp	rpm	Nm	rpm	compr.							Wuling:

14.12	17.04	L4	1798	79	91.5	LJ479QE2			98		5600	182	3600	10.0	VVT	CHN					old Zhengcheng, Rongguang truck
15.01	18					LJ479QNE2	96	131	101	137	5600	186	3600~4600	10.0	VVT	CHN	Baojun	730 (II)	560	530
18.03	20						90	122	95	129	5600	174	3600~4600	10.0	VVT	IDN	Wuling	Cortez
18.03	18						96	131	101	137	5600	186	3600~4600	10.8	VVT, EGR cooler	CHN	Baojun	730 II		530
19.08			China 6b standard			LJ479Q6			92	125	5600	180	3600~4400		VVT	CHN					Rongguang truck

Wuling Liuji-developed Atkinson DOHC 4-valve engine:

The LJM20A engine is combined with electric motors, creating hybrid variations of the Wuling Xingchen Asta and (yet to come) Victory. The LJP60 HEV hybrid assembly units by Wuling Liuji, a subsidiary of Guangxi Automobile Group, has commenced scale production in May 2022. The launch of the HEV hybrid assembly units marked the breakthrough of the division from a traditional fuel engine manufacturer to a multi-dimensional vehicles’ power system supplier extending to the business segment of different types of new energy vehicle. Wuling’s HEV hybrid is not the P2 combination of the previous CVT + motor, nor the multi-gear structure of SAIC.

The non-hybrid LJM20B engine came in the Wuling Zhengcheng by September 2022.

Guangxi Automobile Group, established in May 2015, and previously known as Liuzhou Wuling Motors Co., Ltd., completed relocation of its special vehicle project, and its new NEV manufacturing site started production in October 2021. The company was originally owned by the state government but it turned into a mixed-ownership enterprise by accepting private capitals.

Wuling Liuji Atkinson DOHC 4-valve engine:
															multi-point injection
						engine	net		rated
from	to	cyl	cc	bore	stroke	code	kW	hp	kW	hp	rpm	Nm	rpm	compr.

22.08		L4	1999	81	97	LJM20A	92	125	100	136	5600	175	4000~4400	13.5	DVVT Atkinson	CHN	Wuling Xingchen HEV, Kaijié HEV, Jiachen HEV, Xingyun
22.11							92	123			5600	168	4000~4400			IDN	Wuling Almaz hybrid (Baojun 530)
22.09						LJM20BQE2	92	125	100	136	5400	186	4000~4400	12.6	DVVT Atkinson	CHN	Wuling Zhengcheng
23.04						LJM20B	96	131	100	136	5400	192	4000~4400	12.6	DVVT Atkinson	CHN	Wuling Longka, Rongguang truck

SGE 4-cylinder DOHC 4-valve engines:

This engine family with central direct injection was mainly conceived by Opel, and used worldwide by General Motors and by SAIC, that used the same technology for their larger MGE engine range. All share the same bore of 74 mm, with a bore pitch (spacing between the cylinders) of 81 mm.

Note, that Vauxhall advertised the Adam to have 998cc, not to be confused with the 3-cylinder DOHC engine that was used up to 2014 in the Corsa. Actually, the SGE 3-cylinder has 998⅔cc. In a country like Japan, it is practice to round down the decimal in any case, resulting in differences between domestic and export cc quotations.

Where SGM has started a new generation 1.5 turbo engines of their own in the Buick Verano Pro in September 2021 (with dual fast cam phasers, see hereunder), SAIC Motor launched their NF1 engine, developed from the SGE, in August 2019 in the Roewe RX5 MAX, equipped with a 35 MPa high-pressure fuel injection system.

GM in America launched the LSD variant in September 2022, also with a higher-pressure fuel system (35 MPa from 20 MPa).

SGE 4-cylinder DOHC 4-valve engines:									all alloy						direct or multi-point injection, DVVT

						engine	net		rated
from	to	cyl	cc	bore	stroke	code	kW	hp	kW	hp	rpm	Nm	rpm	compr.

15.01	19	L3	999	74	77.4	10XFL/LE1	66	90			3700	170	1800~3700	10.5	central direct injection, turbo	EUR	Opel/Vauxhall Corsa, Adam, Opel Astra
15.10	19					10XFL/LE1	77	105			5500	170	1800~4250	10.5	central direct injection, turbo	EUR	Opel/Vauxhall Astra
15.01	18					10XFT/LE1	85	115			5000	170	1800~4500	10.5	central direct injection, turbo	EUR	Opel/Vauxhall Corsa, Adam
15.06	18					10XE/LTW	55	75			6500	95	4500	10.5	multi-point injection	EUR	Opel Karl/Vauxhall Viva
18.01	19					10XL/LTW	54	73			6500	95	4500	10.5	multi-point injection	EUR	Opel Karl/Vauxhall Viva
15.08	23					L5Q	55	75			6500	95	4500	10.5	multi-point injection	KOR	Chevrolet Spark
17.03	19					10E4E			92	125	5200	170	2000	10.5	central direct injection, turbo	CHN	MG ZS, MG6 PHEV, Roewe (e)i6
17.11						10E4E	82	111			5200	160	1800~4700	10.5	central direct injection, turbo	EXP	MG ZS

15.11	18	L4	1399	74	81.3	14XE	74	100			6000	130	4300	10.6	multi-point injection	EUR	Opel/Vauxhall Astra
15.11	22					LV7	73	98			6200	127	4400	10.6	multi-point injection	USA	Chevrolet Spark
17.03							73	98			6200	128	4400	10.6	multi-point injection	PI	Chevrolet Spark
16.03	19						73	98			6200	124/128	4400	10.6	multi-point injection	AUS	Holden Spark
15.11	19					14XFL/LE2	92	125			4000~5600	230~245	2000~3500	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	EUR	Opel/Vauxhall Astra
15.11	19					14XFT/LE2	110	150			5000~5600	230~245	2000~4000	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	EUR	Opel/Vauxhall Astra
17.08	19					14XNT/LFE	81	110			5600	200	2000~3600	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	EUR	Opel Astra CNG
16.05	18					14XFT/LE2	112	152			5600	235	1850~4900	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	EUR	Opel Mokka X
16.05	18					14XFT/LE2	112	152			5600	245	2200~4000	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	EUR	Opel/Vauxhall Mokka X
16.06						LEX	110	150			5600	235	2100	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	BR	Chevrolet Cruze, Tracker gasoline
						LEX	114	153			5200	240	2000	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	BR	Chevrolet Cruze, Tracker ethanol
17.06	18						110	150			5600	240~245	2000~4000	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	AUS	Holden Astra
15.07	19					LE2	114	153			5600	240	2000	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	USA	Buick Encore, Chevrolet Cruze
21.01	22					LE2	114	155			5600	239	2000	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	USA	Buick Encore, Chevrolet Trax
17.03	18						114	153			5600	245	2400~3600	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	KOR	Chevrolet Cruze
21.01	22						114	155			5600	240	2000	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	KOR	Chevrolet Trax
16.06							114	153			5600	245	2000	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	ARG	Chevrolet Cruze
14.08	16					LE2	110	150	115	156	5600	235	1600~4000	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	CHN	Chevrolet Cruze J400 I
16.07	19					LE2	110	150	115	156	5600	240	2000~2400	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	CHN	Chevrolet Cruze J400
16.05	17					14E4E	110	150			5600	235	1600~4000	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	CHN	Roewe e950
18.01	19					14E4E	112	152			5600	235	1600~4000	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	CHN	Roewe e950
14.11	19					14E4E			115	156	5600	235	1600~4000	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	CHN	MG GT, Roewe 360(Plus)
14.11	18					14E4E			115	156	5600	235	1600~4400	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	EXP	MG GT

14.08	16	L4	1490	74	86.6	L3G	84	114	87	118	6600	146	4000	11.4	central direct injection	CHN	Chevrolet Cruze J400 I
15.06	19					L3G	84	114	87	118	6600	146	4000	11.5	central direct injection	CHN	Buick Verano, Chevrolet Cruze J400
15.10	19					L3A	75	101			5600	140	4300	12.5	central direct injection	USA	Chevrolet Volt
17.04	19					L3A	73	99	78	106	5800	138	4400	12.5	central direct injection	CHN	Buick Velite 5
15.04	19					LFV	119	162	124	169	5600	250	1700~4400	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	CHN	Buick Envision, Verano
19.02		China 6b standard				LFV	119	162	124	169	5600	250	1700~4400	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	CHN	Buick Envision, Regal, LaCrosse, Chevrolet Malibu XL
19.07		China 6b standard				LFV	119	162	124	169	5600	250	1700~4000	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	CHN	Chevrolet Equinox
16.03	19					LFV	120	163	125	170	5600	252	2000~4000	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	CHN	Buick Regal, LaCrosse, Chevrolet Malibu XL
16.02	19					LFV	120	163	125	170	5600	250	2000~4000	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	CHN	Chevrolet Malibu
16.06	18						122	166			5400	250	2000~4000	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	KOR	Chevrolet Malibu
15.12						LFV	122	163			5700	250	2500~3000	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	USA	Chevrolet Malibu
15.03	23	(China 6b standard)				15E4E	119	162	124	169	5600	250	1700~4300	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	CHN	MG GS, MG6 (PHEV), MG (e)HS, Roewe i6, i5, (MG) (e)RX5, Maxus D60, G50 (Plus)
17.03	19					15E4E	122	166			5600	250	1600~4300	10.3	central direct injection, turbo	UK	MG GS
17.03	22					LYX	127	170			5600	275	2000~4000	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	USA	Chevrolet Equinox, GMC Terrain
22.09						LSD	130	175			5600	275	2000~4000	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	USA	Chevrolet Equinox, GMC Terrain
17.04	19					LYX	127	173	132	179	5600	275	2000~4000	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	CHN	Chevrolet Equinox
17.12	19					LYX	127	173			5600	275	2000~4000	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	AUS	Holden Equinox
17.06	20					15XHL	103	140			5600	250	2000~4100	10.1	central direct injection, turbo	EUR	Opel/Vauxhall Insignia
17.06	20					15XHT	121	165			5600	250	2000~4500	10.1	central direct injection, turbo	EUR	Opel/Vauxhall Insignia

NF1 SAIC-developed from SGE
19.08		China 6b standard				15C4E			127	173	5600	275	1750~4000	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	CHN	Roewe RX5 MAX, MG5, MG HS/Pilot, Roewe i6 MAX, i5 GT
20.07		China 6b standard				15C4E			133	181	5600	285	1500~4000	10.0	central direct injection, turbo	CHN	MG6, MG ONE, Roewe RX5 Plus, MG5 Scorpio, Maxus D60, G50 (Plus)

GM global E-Turbo engine:

The first application of this global engine family in 3-cylinder form arrived in November 2018 in the South Korean Malibu. For China it was developed to meet the “National Six B” emission standard, but only 9 engine system durability tests and a number of vehicle durability tests were conducted in China, where it is part of the SAIC-GM-the-eighth-generation Ecotec brand.

The E-Turbo engine reduces energy loss by applying cutting-edge electric technologies, including a new electric water pump that effectively controls the interior temperature of the engine, an electric wastegate system that maximizes the efficiency of the turbocharger, and a new electro-hydraulic brake system that replaces the mechanical vacuum booster to lessen the burden on the engine.

In late 2019 it found its way to the 2020 Opel/Vauxhall Astra as well, and to the Trailblazer/Encore GX. Introduction in Insignia and Chinese Regal seems to have been canceled.

GM CSS E-Turbo engine:

all alloy

direct injection, DVVT

engine

net

rated

from

cyl

bore

stroke

code

rpm

compr.

19.03

1341

91.2

L3Z

116

158

121

165

5600

240

1500~4000

10.3

direct injection, turbo Nat. 6b

CHN

Chevrolet Malibu XL, Tracker, Trailblazer, Buick Encore (GX), Verano

18.11

'E-Turbo'

115

156

5600

236

1600~4000

direct injection, turbo

KOR

Chevrolet Malibu, Trailblazer

20.02

"Ecotec'

L3T

115

155

5600

236

1500

10.0

direct injection, turbo

USA

Buick Encore GX, Chevrolet Trailblazer

19.11

'1342'

107

145

5000~6000

236

1500~3500

10.0

direct injection, turbo

EUR

Opel/Vauxhall Astra

CHN

canceled for Buick Regal, LaCrosse, Chevrolet Equinox

GM CSS Prime 3-cylinder DOHC 4-valve engines:

This engine arrived in August 2019 in the Opel/Vauxhall Astra K, with similar bore and stroke as the earlier conceived PSA Puretech engine that arrived 3 months later in the Corsa F. In November 2019 as well, it came in the South Korean Trailblazer, with 2020 exports to North America, also as Buick Encore GX. With multi-point, rather than direct injection, it is fitted by November 2019 in the Brazil-built Onix for Argentina, and later, with turbo in the Brazil-built Tracker. These engines have an oil-immersed timing belt, and the pistons offset from the center of the cylinders, for less friction in their movement.

Brazil equips its new Onix with the 999cc variant, developed from the SGE 999cc. The turbo variant is also fitted in the new Tracker. Actually, this 3-cylinder has 999.8cc. Both 1.0 and 1.2 engines share practically the same block, with different cylinder liners for the 1.2. Where the Opel Ecotec has an exhaust manifold at the front, at the CSS Prime it is at the rear.

The 1199c engine has of course nothing to do with the 4-cylinder Opel Family 0, nor with the 4-cylinder Daewoo derivative in the Indian Chevrolet Beat and Sail. These Prime engines are not used in China, but SGMW fits its own direct injection 3-cylinder 1199cc turbo engine in the unofficial Baojun RS-5 PHEV, after it was earlier canceled for the October 2019 RS-3.

CSS Prime									all alloy					direct or multi-point injection, DVVT

						engine	net
from	to	cyl	cc	bore	stroke	code	kW	hp		rpm	Nm	rpm	compr.

19.11		L3	999	74	77.5	LIJ	57	77		6400	95	4100	12.5	multi-point injection	BR	Chevrolet Onix
19.11						LIJ	60	82	ethanol	6400	104	4100	12.5	multi-point injection	BR	Chevrolet Onix
19.09						L4G	85	116		5500	160	2000~4500	10.5	multi-point injection, turbo	BR	Chevrolet Onix, Tracker
19.09						L4G	85	116	ethanol	5500	165	2000~4500	10.5	multi-point injection, turbo	BR	Chevrolet Onix, Tracker
19.11						L4F	85	116		5500	160	2000~4500	9.5	multi-point injection, turbo	ARG	Chevrolet Onix
19.11		L3	1199	75	90.5	LIF	66	90		6200	115	4400	10.5	multi-point injection	ARG	Chevrolet Onix	UZB by 23
20.02						L4H	97	132		5500	191	2000~4000	10.5	multi-point injection, turbo	MEX	Chevrolet Onix, Tracker	UZB by 23
20.03						L4H	97	132		5500	190	2000~4500	10.5	multi-point injection, turbo	BR	Chevrolet Tracker, Montana	UZB by 22
20.03						L4H	98	133	ethanol	5500	210	2000~4500	10.5	multi-point injection, turbo	BR	Chevrolet Tracker, Montana
19.08	21						81	110		4500	195	2000~3500	10.0	direct injection, turbo	EUR	Opel/Vauxhall Astra
19.08	21						96	130		5500	225	2000~3500	10.0	direct injection, turbo	EUR	Opel/Vauxhall Astra
19.08	21						107	145		5500	225	2000~3500	10.0	direct injection, turbo	EUR	Opel/Vauxhall Astra
20.02				"Ecotec'		LIH	102	137		5000	220	2500	10.0	direct injection, turbo	USA	Buick Encore GX, Envista, Chevrolet Trailblazer, Trax
20.02				'E-Turbo Prime'			102	139		5000	220	2500~4000	10.0	direct injection, turbo	KOR	Chevrolet Trailblazer, Trax

SGM dual fast cam phasers 4-cylinder DOHC 4-valve engines:

Conceived in a project that was established in 2018 by SAIC-GM, this brand-new side direct injection 4-cylinder engine continues SAIC-GM’s best single-cylinder design concept to achieve the best of every cylinder, rather than the best overall engine, using a modular architecture for development and integration. The engine uses the industry's first new dual fast phase regulator, which doubles the maximum adjustment speed of the previous generation product, and can more accurately control the time and angle of valve opening and closing. It is equipped with a 35 MPa high-pressure fuel injection system.

This 1498 cc engine is part of the SAIC-GM-the-eighth-generation Ecotec brand, with the exhaust manifold at the rear, preceded by the 1998cc and 3-cylinder 1341cc and 999cc (side) direct injection engines. All of these engines generate approximately 85 kW/L net, except for the 1498 cc 150 kW LAH engine, introduced in the Envision S/Plus, which reaches 100 kW/L, and whose LDF variant is for rear-wheel drive models.

SGM dual fast cam phasers 4-cylinder									all alloy						direct injection, CVVT, dual fast cam phasers

						engine	net		rated
from	to	cyl	cc	bore	stroke	code	kW	hp	kW	hp	rpm	Nm	rpm	compr.

21.09		L4	1498			LJV	132	179	135	184	5500	250	1500~5000		direct injection, turbo	CHN	Buick Verano Pro, Chevrolet Tracker
22.09						LP5	132	179	135	184	5500	250	1500~5000		direct injection, turbo	CHN	Buick Encore Plus, Envista, Chevrolet Seeker
23.08						LAX	127	173	132	179	5500	250	1500~4500		direct injection, turbo	CHN	Buick LaCrosse, GL8 PHEV, Chevrolet Equinox Plus PHEV
22.11						LDF	150	204	155	211	5500	270	1750~4500		direct injection, turbo	CHN	Cadillac CT4
21.10		+ 48V 10 kW/50 Nm				LAH	150	204	155	211	5500	270	1750~4500		direct injection, turbo	CHN	Buick Envision S, Plus, Cadillac GT4, XT4

GM CSS Tripower 4-cylinder DOHC 4-valve engines with cylinder deactivation:

Based upon the all alloy L850 1998cc ‘square’ turbo engine (itself developed from the 1986 Opel Family II 2.0 engine) that first arrived in the September 2002 Saab 9-3, eventually evolving in the much changed third generation 2012 LTG variant, this LSY engine is an American long-stroke creation, with the gas mileage as the main parameter, using cylinder deactivation and variable valve lift technology.

This engine family is built off of the cylinder set strategy (CSS) architecture, presented in 2014, to vary cylinder spacing depending on the displacement size, optimized for the customer and fuel economy/CO₂ rather than for manufacturing. The previous L850 engine had an 86 mm bore, the LSY 83 mm, reducing block mass.

The so-called Tripower variable valve management, real-time monitoring of different power output requirements during driving, can achieve three operating conditions of "four-cylinder high-performance mode", "four-cylinder economic mode" and "two-cylinder super economic mode". It all works by means of a three-step sliding camshaft with lobes to vary intake valve lift, and to close two of the cylinders. This solution came out to suppress vibration during cylinder deactivation. The LSY engine arrived simultaneously in North America and China in the Cadillac XT4 by September 2018. This is the first time at GM, that cylinder deactivation has been adopted for a 4-cylinder engine.

Apart from the premature 1981 Cadillac V8-6-4 engine (‘Displacement on Demand’), cylinder deactivation at GM was practised since 2005 model year in several models with V8 and V6 engines, among which the 2006 Impala, and was called ‘Active Fuel Management’. Variable intake valve lift control was available in the 2014 Impala and American Malibu with 2.5-litre engine, and by 2016 continued in the Chinese Malibu XL until 2019.

The LSY engine was preceded by the LTG engine in the Cadillac CT6 in China, and for a short period in the United States, and in China in the XT5, Buick GL8 (and ES), LaCrosse and Regal (GS), and shortly in the Chinese Chevrolet Equinox, as well as in the Opel/Vauxhall Insignia, giving the consumer the choice of riding on three, or on two or four cylinders, as was the case for the Malibu XL by 2019. The new engine is designed to produce full torque from just 1,500 rpm, and is built in Tonawanda, NY, USA and at SAIC-GM Dong Yue Powertrain in Yantai, Shandong, China. Over 200,000 LSY engines left these factories in 2019, with the vast majority in China. In China, it is part of the SAIC-GM-the-eighth-generation Ecotec brand.

By April 2020, the engine in China has been fine-tuned by installing a gasoline engine particulate trap, reducing the power from 177 kW to 174 kW, with the fuel consumption dropping for the rather heavy Cadillac XT5 and XT6 models. North America and Europe used different outputs simultaneously.

The 2727cc variant was developed from the outset as a pickup engine, for usage in the 2019 Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra and arrived at the same time as the LSY engine. To help generate the strong low-end torque customers expect in a pickup, it was designed with a long piston stroke of 102 mm. Typically, a long stroke can increase the load of the pistons against the cylinder walls, generating more friction. That’s alleviated in the 2.7 turbo with an offset crankshaft. It is slightly off-center of the cylinders, allowing a more upright position for the connecting rods during their movement.

Curiously, this same engine is optionally used in the Cadillac CT4, but then this vehicle has a curb weight of 1618 kg vs 2132 kg for the Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra crew cab, where it isn’t the basic engine either. Another cylinder deactivation system is offered for these pickups as well, called ‘Dynamic Fuel Management’, that can shut off up to 6 of the 8 cylinders, and is available next to the 15-year older ‘Active Fuel Management’ system, that shuts off a whole cylinder bank. These systems use much more solenoids than the ingenious Sliding Cam valve lift System (SCS) in the Tripower 4-cylinder engines, that have four intake camshaft profile actuators and two exhaust camshaft profile actuators.

From February 2021, the LSY engine in China, then tagged LXH, has been gradually fitted with a 48V 10 kW electric motor, but not on the Cadillac CT series, Buick Regal and Chevrolet Malibu XL.

CSS Tripower									all alloy						direct injection, DVVT, cylinder deactivation and variable valve lift

						engine	net		rated
from	to	cyl	cc	bore	stroke	code	kW	hp	kW	hp	rpm	Nm	rpm	compr.

18.09		L4	1998	83	92.3	LSY	177	237			5000	350	1500~4000	10.0	direct injection, turbo	USA	Cadillac XT4, XT5, XT6, CT4, CT5, CT6
20.							175	235			5000	350	1500~4000	10.0	direct injection, turbo	USA	Cadillac XT4, XT5, XT6
19.01							172	230			5000	350	1500~4000	10.0	direct injection, turbo	USA	Chevrolet Blazer, GMC Acadia
20.							170	228			5000	350	1500~4000	10.0	direct injection, turbo	USA	Chevrolet Blazer, GMC Acadia, Buick Envision
18.09	20	China 6b standard					172	234	177	241	5000	350	1500~4000	10.0	direct injection, turbo	CHN	Cadillac XT4, XT5, XT6, CT5, CT6, Chevrolet Malibu XL, Buick LaCrosse
20.04		China 6b standard					169	230	174	237	5000	350	1500~4000	10.0	direct injection, turbo	CHN	Cadillac XT4, XT5, XT6, CT4, CT5, CT6, Chevrolet Blazer, Malibu XL, Equinox, Buick Regal, LaCrosse, GL8, GL8 ES/Avenir, Envision S, Plus, Enclave
20.02							147	200			4250~6000	350	1500~4000	10.0	direct injection, turbo	RUS	Cadillac XT5, XT6
20.09	22						125	170			4250~6000	350	1500~4000	10.0	direct injection, turbo	EUR	Opel Insignia
20.09	22						147	200			4250~6000	350	1500~4000	10.0	direct injection, turbo	EUR	Opel/Vauxhall Insignia
20.09	22						169	230			5000	350	1500~4000	10.0	direct injection, turbo	EUR	Opel/Vauxhall Insignia
21.02		+ 48V 10 kW/50 Nm				LXH	169	230	174	237	5000	350	1500~4000	10.0	direct injection, turbo	CHN	Cadillac XT4, XT5, XT6, GT4, Buick Envision S, Plus, LaCrosse, GL8, ES/Avenir, Century, Enclave, Chevrolet Blazer, Equinox
18.09	21	L4	2727	92.25	102	L3B	231	310			5600	473	1500~4000	10.0	direct injection, turbo	USA	Chevrolet Silverado, GMC Sierra
21.09							231	310			5600	583	3000	10.0	direct injection, turbo	USA	Chevrolet Silverado, GMC Sierra, Chevrolet Colorado, GMC Canyon
20.03							231	310			5600	475	1500~4000	10.0	direct injection, turbo	USA	Cadillac CT4
20.04							242	325			5600	515	2000~4000	10.0	direct injection, turbo	USA	Cadillac CT4-V
23.03	23						231	310			5600	530	2000	10.0	direct injection, turbo	USA	Chevrolet Colorado
23.03						L2R	177	237			5600	352	1200	10.0	direct injection, turbo	USA	Chevrolet Colorado

Summary

Buick China

Chevrolet China

Cadillac China

Baojun

Wuling

Roewe

Maxus

Europe

USA/CDN

Latin America

South Korea

Australia

Opel/Vauxhall

Chevrolet/Buick/Cadillac

Chevrolet

Holden

E-Tec

LJI

999

turbo

Excelle GT/GX

Cavalier

E-Tec

LJI

999

turbo

E-Tec

LIW

Nat. 6b

999

turbo

Excelle GT/GX

Monza

E-Tec

LIW

Nat. 6b

999

turbo

E-Tec

LIV

dir. inj.

999

turbo

Encore, Verano

Onix, Tracker

E-Tec

LIV

dir. inj.

999

turbo

SGE

L5Q

999

SGE

L5Q

999

Spark

SGE

LTW

999

SGE

LTW

999

Karl/Viva

SGE

LE1

dir. inj.

999

turbo

(e)I6

MG6 PHEV, ZS

SGE

LE1

dir. inj.

999

turbo

Adam, Corsa, Astra

Prime

LIJ

999

Prime

LIJ

999

Onix

Prime

L4G

or L4F

999

turbo

Prime

L4G

or L4F

999

turbo

Onix, Tracker

Prime

LIF

1199

Prime

LIF

1199

Onix

Prime

L4H

1199

turbo

Prime

L4H

1199

turbo

Onix, Tracker, Montana

Prime

LIH

dir. inj.

1199

turbo

Prime

LIH

dir. inj.

1199

turbo

Astra

Trax, Trailblazer, Encore GX, Envista

MEX: Envista

Trax, Trailblazer

Saike

245T

dir. inj.

1199

turbo

RS-5 PHEV

Saike

245T

dir. inj.

1199

turbo

E-Turbo

L3Z

dir. inj.

1341

turbo

Encore (GX), Verano

Tracker, Malibu XL, Trailblazer

E-Turbo

L3T

dir. inj.

1341

turbo

Astra, Insignia

Trailblazer, Encore GX

Trailblazer

SGM

LEW

1349

Sail3

SGM

LEW

1349

E-Tec

LI5

1349

Excelle (Kaiyue)

E-Tec

LI5

1349

E-Tec

LGB

Nat. 6b

1349

Excelle (Kaiyue)

Onix

E-Tec

LGB

Nat. 6b

1349

E-Tec

LI6

1349

turbo

Excelle GT/GX, GL6

Orlando

RX3

D60, G50

E-Tec

LI6

1349

turbo

E-Tec

LIY

Nat. 6b

1349

turbo

Excelle GT/GX, GL6

Orlando, Monza (= Cavalier MEX)

RX3

D60, G50, Euniq 5&6 plug in

E-Tec

LIY

Nat. 6b

1349

turbo

SGM

LFF

1372

turbo

Encore, Excelle GT

Trax

SGM

LFF

1372

turbo

SGM

LCU

1399

Sail, Aveo

Hongguang

SGM

LCU

1399

SGE

LV7

1399

SGE

LV7

1399

Astra

Spark

SGE

LE2

dir. inj.

1399

turbo

Cruze

360, e950

SGE

LE2

dir. inj.

1399

turbo

Astra, Mokka X

Cruze, Trax, Buick Encore

Cruze, Tracker

Cruze, Trax

Astra

SGE

LFE

dir. inj.

1399

turbo

SGE

LFE

dir. inj.

1399

turbo

Astra CNG

SGE

LEX

dir. inj.

1399

turbo

SGE

LEX

dir. inj.

1399

turbo

Cruze CNG

Cruze, Tracker ethanol

SGMW

LL5

1451

turbo

530, 560, 730

Hongguang S3

SGMW

LL5

1451

turbo

SGMW

LJO

1451

turbo

530, 730, RS-3, RS-5, RM-5, RC-5, RC-6

various

SGMW

LJO

1451

turbo

SGM(W)

L2B

1485

Excelle (Kaiyue)/Excelle GT, Velite 6 PHEV

Sail3, Lova RV, Cruze Classic, Cavalier, Monza

630, 610, 360, 730, 360, 510, 310(W), RS-3

various

SGM(W)

L2B

1485

SGMW

LAR

1485

360, 510, RS-3, RC-5, RM-5

various

SGMW

LAR

1485

Chevrolet Aveo/Sail 2024

SGE

L3G

dir. inj.

1490

Verano

Cruze

SGE

L3G

dir. inj.

1490

SGE

L3A

dir. inj.

1490

Velite 5

SGE

L3A

dir. inj.

1490

Volt

SGE

LFV

dir. inj.

1490

turbo

Envision, Verano, Regal, LaCrosse

Malibu (XL), Equinox

i5, i6, (e)RX5

MG6, GS, (e)HS, RX5

D60, G50 (Plus)

SGE

LFV

dir. inj.

1490

turbo

Insignia; MG GS

Malibu

SGE

LYX

dir. inj.

1490

turbo

Equinox

SGE

LYX

dir. inj.

1490

turbo

Equinox, GMC Terrain

Equinox

SGE

LSD

dir. inj.

1490

turbo

SGE

LSD

dir. inj.

1490

turbo

Equinox, GMC Terrain

SAIC NF1

15C4E

dir. inj.

1490

turbo

i5 GT, i6, RX5

MG5, 6, ONE, HS/Pilot

D60, G50 (Plus)

SAIC NF1

15C4E

dir. inj.

1490

turbo

Saike

280T

dir. inj.

1498

turbo

RS-5, RS-7

Victory

Saike

280T

dir. inj.

1498

turbo

Saike

LBG

dir. inj.

1498

atkinson

Yunhai PHEV

XingGuang (S) PHEV

Saike

LBG

dir. inj.

1498

atkinson

SGM

LJV

dir. inj.

1498

turbo

Verano Pro

Tracker

SGM

LJV

dir. inj.

1498

turbo

SGM

LP5

dir. inj.

1498

turbo

Encore Plus, Envista

Seeker

SGM

LP5

dir. inj.

1498

turbo

SGM

LAX

dir. inj.

1498

turbo

LaCrosse, GL8 PHEV

Equinox Plus PHEV

SGM

LAX

dir. inj.

1498

turbo

SGM

LDF

dir. inj.

1498

turbo

CT4

SGM

LDF

dir. inj.

1498

turbo

SGM

LAH

dir. inj.

1498

turbo

Envision S, Plus

GT4, XT4

SGM

LAH

dir. inj.

1498

turbo

SGMW

LJ479Q(N)E2

1798

730, 560, 530

old Zhengcheng

SGMW

LJ479Q(N)E2

1798

Liuji

LJM20A

1999

atkinson

Wuling Almaz hybrid Indonesia (530)

Xingchen, Kaijie, Jiachen, Xingyun

Liuji

LJM20A

1999

atkinson

Liuji

LJM20B

1999

atkinson

new Zhengcheng

Liuji

LJM20B

1999

atkinson

Tripower

LSY

dir. inj.

1998

turbo

Regal, LaCrosse, GL8 (ES), Envision S, Plus, Enclave

Malibu XL, Blazer, Equinox

CT4, CT5, CT6, XT4, XT5, XT6

Tripower

LSY

dir. inj.

1998

turbo

Insignia

Blazer, Acadia, Envision,CT4, CT5, CT6, XT4, XT5, XT6

Tripower

LXH

dir. inj.

1998

turbo

Envision S, Plus, LaCrosse, GL8, ES/Century, Enclave

XT4, XT5, XT6, GT4

Tripower

LXH

dir. inj.

1998

turbo

Tripower

L2R

dir. inj.

2727

turbo

Tripower

L2R

dir. inj.

2727

turbo

Colorado

Tripower

L3B

dir. inj.

2727

turbo

Tripower

L3B

dir. inj.

2727

turbo

Silverado, Sierra, CT4, Colorado, Canyon

Buick China

Chevrolet China

Cadillac China

Baojun

Wuling

Roewe

Maxus

Europe

USA/CDN

Brazil

South Korea

Australia

National 6b: emission standard to be implemented July 2023 (July 2019 in Shanghai, January 2020 in Beijing)

Sources: serviceinfo.saic-gm.com, doc88.com, Wikipedia, gmauthority.com

For earlier worldwide GM engine specifications up to 2016, see:
On a Global Mission: The Automobiles of General Motors International

Far East Auto Literature

21 December, 2024